核桃树体不同器官氮、磷、钾含量及累积分配特征  

Accumulation and Distribution of N, P and K in Different Organsof Walnut Trees(Juglans regia L)

作　　者：赵瑞芬[1] 张一弓[1] 张强[1] 程滨[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所/山西省土壤环境与养分资源重点环境室,太原030031

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第22期41-44,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山西省科技攻关资助项目"核桃养分需求规律及配方施肥技术体系的建立"(20100311022-1);山西省青年基金研究项目"核桃主要器官养分吸收与分配规律研究"(2010021028-7)

摘　　要：为了探明核桃树体中氮、磷、钾营养元素的累积及分布特征以促进核桃合理施肥,以9年龄‘辽核1号’为试材,于果实采收期对其进行整株肢解,研究核桃树体生物量的构成特点,氮、磷、钾含量和累积分配特性。结果表明:多年生枝干是干物质量分配的主体,1年生器官占总干重的28.6%,其中主要是叶片和果实;多年生枝干占61.5%,根系占9.9%。各器官中氮、磷、钾含量差异显著,氮的含量以种仁中最高,其次是叶片;磷含量以种仁中最高,青皮次之;钾含量以青皮最高,硬壳、种仁次之。氮、磷、钾吸收累积量表现为:氮>钾>磷,比例为13.4:1:4.4;1年生器官养分累积量>多年生枝干>根系。每生产100 kg干商品核桃至少需提供N 10.3 kg、P 1.15 kg、K 8.76 kg。In order to promote rational fertilization of walnut trees in Shanxi, walnut trees were excavated and fractionated into various tree components at fruits harvesting stage to evaluate the character of dry matter composition and the properties of accumulation and distribution of N, P and K in different organs of 9-year- old walnut （Juglans regia L.） trees. The results showed that new organs, old organs and roots accounted for 28.6%, 61.5% and 9.9% of the biomass of walnut tree, respectively. The concentration of N, P and K of different organs had significant difference, and the nitrogen （N） content was the highest in the kernel, phosphorus （P） in the kernel and potassium （K） in the shuck. Nitrogen was mainly distributed in the leaf, kernel, perennial branches and truck. Phosphorus was mainly distributed in the kernel, leaf, perennial branches and truck. Potassium was mainly distributed in the shuck and leaf. Amount of N accumulation was the highest, followed by K and P, and the ratio of N： P： K was 13.4：1：4.4, the amount of nutrients accumulation were higher in new organs than in old organs and roots. To obtain 100 kg dry matter of fruits, walnut trees must uptake N 10.3 kg, P 1.15 kg, K 8.76 kg.

关 键 词：核桃 器官 干物质 氮 磷 钾 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]