耕作方式对烟地土壤养分流失及烟叶产质量的影响  

Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on Soil Nutrient Losses,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：蔡毅[1] 向金友[2] 程智敏[1] 黄胜[1] 杨苹[1] 张吉亚 杨懿德 谢冰[2] 

机构地区：[1]宜宾市农业科学院,四川宜宾644600 [2]四川省烟草公司宜宾市公司,四川宜宾644000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第22期174-179,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：四川省烟草专卖局(公司)科技项目"深丘烟区山地烤烟保护性耕作栽培技术研究与应用"

摘　　要：为减少植烟地水土养分流失和实现烟叶产质量最大化,试验研究常规耕作、免耕、免耕+稻草覆盖3种耕作方式对深丘山地烤烟土壤水土流失、养分流失和烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明:与常规耕作比较,免耕和免耕+稻草覆盖均能减少水土流失,径流量分别减少9.54%,26.01%;不同耕作方式养分流失量不同,全氮和全磷流失特征表现为常规耕作>免耕>免耕+稻草覆盖;与常规耕作比较,免耕和免耕+稻草覆盖的全氮流失量分别减少13.68%、39.59%,全磷流失量分别减少9.72%、27.57%。免耕栽培能提高烟叶产量、产值和化学成分协调性,并以免耕+稻草覆盖效益最好,增加收益5822.85元/hm2。研究表明,免耕、免耕+稻草覆盖对减少地表径流作用明显,是遏制土壤养分流失的有效途径;免耕+稻草覆盖增产增值明显,具有推广应用价值。In order to control water and soil loss and maximize the yield-quality of flue-cured tobacco, we studied the effects of three cultivation methods, including conventional tillage, no-tillage, no-tillage and straw mulching, on the losses of soil water and nutrient, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The result showed that no-tillage, no-tillage and straw mulching decreased the loss of soil water than conventional tillage. The runoff was reduced by 9.54% and 26.01% respectively. treatments, conventional tillage 〉no- tillage 〉 no- tillage The loss of N, P nutrients was different among and straw mulching. Compared with conventional tillage, the loss of total nitrogen was 13.68%, 39.59%, the loss of total phosphorus was 9.72%, 27.57% respectively. The yield and quality, chemical composition were improved with no-tillage. The benefit of no- tillage and straw mulching was 5822.85 yuan/hm2 more than conventional tillage. Studies had shown that no-tillage, no-tillage and straw mulching could effectively decrease surface runoff. They were effective ways to reduce soil nutrients loss. No-tillage and straw mulching had obvious yield and value increasing effects, and had high extension application value.

关 键 词：耕作方式 免耕 稻草覆盖 养分流失 烤烟 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] S572[农业科学—农业基础科学]