北疆地区牧草高效立体种植模式与耗水规律研究  

Stereoscopic Planting Mode and Water Consumption of Grass Pattern in North Xinjiang

作　　者：刘虎[1] 魏永富[1] 贾林努尔 刘涛 

机构地区：[1]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,呼和浩特010018 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区福海县水利局,新疆阿勒泰836400

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第23期19-25,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：水利部公益性行业项目"干旱半干旱牧区饲草料地高效用水技术研究"(201201008)

摘　　要：混、间播是合理利用土地、充分利用光能、提高单位产量、改善饲料品质、培养土地肥力以及延长多年生饲草料地利用年限等方面的重要措施和有效途径。为了分析北疆干旱荒漠地区牧草组合、施肥量、灌溉定额对产量影响的显著性程度和多因素不同水平的最优组合方案,以及混播牧草的耗水规律及耗水量,并且提出该地区不同水文年的灌溉制度,通过对多年生人工牧草进行不同水肥条件下混、间播灌溉试验,并应用SPSS软件对结果进行分析。结果表明,混、间播的最优组合为:苜蓿和老芒麦组合,施肥量18471 kg/hm2,灌溉定额为3600 m3/hm2,影响产量的主要因素是灌溉定额;混播牧草生育期内最大耗水强度为86 m3/(hm2·d),混播牧草干旱年灌水4次,灌溉定额为3600 m3/hm2。通过综合分析,评价了混播牧草的优越性,为北疆干旱荒漠地区发展高产、优质的灌溉饲草地提供技术参考。The stereoscopic planting is an important measures and effective way to use of land rational, make full use of solar energy, improve the yield and quality, prolong the using life of perennial forage grass. In order to analyze forage combinations, fertilization, irrigation quota, the influence on the yield of the significant degree, the optimal combination of different levels of multiple factors and law of water consumption and water consumption of mixed pasture in arid desert area, this paper made mixed sowing and seeding experiment under different water and fertilizer conditions of perennial grasses, and the results were irrigation analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that, the optimal combination of mixed sowing and seeding was combination of Alfalfa and Elymus sibiricus, fertilization 18471 kg/hm2, irrigation quota was 3600 m3/hm2, the main factors affecting of yield was irrigation quota, the maximum water consumption intensity of mixed pasture was 86 m3/（hm2-d） during growth period, and irrigation quota was 3600 m3/hm2 of mixed pasture. Through comprehensive analysis, this paper evaluates the superiority of mixed pasture, and provided technical reference for the development of grassland irrigation in the arid desert region.

关 键 词：阿勒泰地区 立体种植 多年生牧草 耗水规律 耗水量 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]