缺氧胁迫对菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)生理代谢的影响  

Influence of hypoxia stress on physiological metabolism of Ruditapes philippinarum

作　　者：张文斌[1,2] 吕振波 张莹 陈建强 李凡 郑亮[1,2] 丛旭日[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋资源与环境研究院,山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室,山东烟台264006 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第9期2448-2453,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2011CQ017);农业部近海渔业资源调查管理项目和"水生动物营养与饲料‘泰山学者’岗位"经费资助

摘　　要：采用苏木精-伊红（H-E）染色的方法，对菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）在缺氧（DO〈2mg·L-1）胁迫20d后组织结构进行研究，同时对菲律宾蛤仔在正常充氧（对照组）和缺氧状态下（缺氧组）的耗氧率、排氨率（NH3-N）、CO2排出率和O：N进行研究，以期了解缺氧条件下菲律宾蛤仔生理代谢特征及其代谢变化规律。结果表明：缺氧胁迫20d后菲律宾蛤仔组织结构与对照组相比出现差异，缺氧组个体组织中分布有零星的深紫色圆斑点，可能是由于缺氧引起菲律宾蛤仔脂质代谢发生异常，形成脂质沉积；在22℃水温条件下，随着缺氧胁迫时间的推移，缺氧胁迫对菲律宾蛤仔耗氧率、排氨率、CO2排出率影响显著；在缺氧胁迫2d时，菲律宾蛤仔的耗氧率、排氨率和CO2排出率呈下降趋势，分别为0．566、0．079和26．236mg·g-1·h-1，菲律宾蛤仔耗氧率和排氨率在缺氧胁迫2d达到最低值，而CO2排出率在第20d达到最低值，为7．422mg·g-1·h-1，约为对照组的1／2；缺氧组的O：N比值范围是6．25—12．11，且在缺氧20d达到最高值，为12．11。由此可知，缺氧胁迫对菲律宾蛤仔的组织结构和生理代谢产生了影响，缺氧组的菲律宾蛤仔组织结构异常、活力下降，生理代谢功能降低，研究结果可为菲律宾蛤仔养殖的科学管理提供依据。In order to detect the pathologic changes of tissue structure in clams （ Ruditapes philip- pinarum）, the hematoxylin-eosin stain （H-E） method was employed after 20 days of exposure to hypoxia （DO 〈2 mg· L-1） stress. Oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion rate, CO2 produc- tion and O：N ratio was also measured in clams exposed to hypoxia on the 2nd, 5th, 10th and 20th day. The results showed that a visible structural difference was observed between the hypoxia and control groups. Scattered deep-purple round spots distributed in the clam tissues of the hypoxia group, which might be due to abnormal lipid metabolism to form the lipid accumulation in the clams exposed to hypoxia. At 22 ℃ water temperature, oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion rate and CO2 production of clams were significantly affected by hypoxia stress. The rates of oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion and CO2 production of the clams decreased when exposed to hypoxia on the 2nd day, with their values being 0. 566 mg · g-1 · h-l, 0. 079 -1 · h-1 · -1 . h-1 mg · g and 26. 236 mg g respeetively. The oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates reached the lowest level on the 2nd day. But the CO2 production rate reached the lowest value （7. 422 mg · g-1 . h-1 ） on the 20th day, which was about one half compared to the control group. The O：N ratio was 6.25-12.11 in the hypoxia group, and it reached the maxi- mum value of 12.11 on the 20th day. Therefore, hypoxia had an important impact on the tissue structure and physiological metabolism in clams. The results could provide a theoretical basis for the scientific management of clam＇ s aquaculture.

关 键 词：菲律宾蛤仔 缺氧 耗氧率 排氨率 CO2排出率 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]