不同施氮处理对水稻产量、氮素吸收及利用率的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilization Treatments on Yield, Nitrogen Uptake and Use Efficiency of Rice

作　　者：郭晨[1] 徐正伟[1] 李小坤[1] 任涛[1] 吴礼树[1] 邹家龙 李彬 鲁剑巍[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]湖北省荆州市荆州区土壤肥料工作站,湖北荆州434020

出　　处：《土壤》2014年第4期618-622,共5页Soils

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303103);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2011PY150,2013PY113);长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT1247)资助

摘　　要：大田试验条件下研究了不同施肥处理对水稻产量、氮素吸收及利用率的影响,以期为肥料的合理施用提供依据。结果表明,与不施肥处理（CK）相比,各施肥处理均显著提高了稻谷产量,增产率为28.5%~40.0%;不同施肥处理间却无显著差异。施肥处理水稻产量的提高主要归因于有效穗和每穗粒数的增加,增幅分别为5.5%~26.1%,25.2%~57.0%。养分吸收结果表明,施氮处理显著提高了水稻的氮素吸收量,且主要分配于稻谷,所占比例为71.3%~79.0%。与习惯施肥处理（T1）相比,优化施肥（T2）、控释尿素（T3）、控释尿素与普通尿素配施（T4）处理在减少氮肥用量21.6%的条件下,稻谷产量没有降低,而氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力以及氮肥生理利用率和氮收获指数都有所增加,分别提高3.2~6.9 kg/kg、11.7~15.4 kg/kg、7.0~30.6 kg/kg、0.04~0.08,且均表现为控释尿素处理（T3）处理最高。可见,采用合理的肥料及科学的施用方法均可显著提高养分的利用效率。A field experiment was carried out to study the influences of different fertilization treatments on yield, nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of rice in order to provide basis for the applying fertilizer rational. The results showed that, compared with no fertilization （CK）, all the fertilizer treatments enhanced significantly rice grain yields, the yield increased by 28.5% - 40.0%, there was no obvious difference in different fertilization treatments. Nitrogen fertilizer increased productive panicle and grains per panicle by 5.5% - 26.1% and 25.2% - 57.0%, respectively. The results of nutrient uptake indicated that the nitrogen fertilization treatments enhanced significantly nitrogen absorption of rice which mainly distributed in rice grain, accounting for 71.3% - 79.0%. The grain yields did not decrease under N application amounts with a reduction by 21.6% （optimized fertilization （T2）, controlled release urea （T3）, controlled release urea ＋ urea （T4）） compared with conventional fertilization （T1）, while the N agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen, nitrogen physiological efficiency and nitrogen harvest index were increased by 3.2 - 6.9 kg/kg, 11.7 - 15.4 kg/kg, 7.0 - 30.6 kg/kg, 0.04 - 0.08, respectively, and all those results showed that the treatment of controlled release urea （T3） was the highest. It demonstrates that appropriate fertilization and scientific application methods can improve nutrient use efficiency.

关 键 词：施肥 控释尿素 水稻 肥料利用率 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S147.2