海上钻井平台井喷天然气爆燃特性研究  

On the flammable gas deflagration from the well blowout on the offshore drilling platform

作　　者：魏超南[1] 陈国明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)海洋油气装备与安全技术研究中心,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2014年第4期92-99,共8页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51079159);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(09CX05008A)

摘　　要：针对海上钻井平台井喷事故特点,基于计算流体动力学(CFD)理论,建立了海上钻井平台井喷天然气爆炸事故的风险预测与评估模型,对不同风况、不同场景条件下的井喷天然气爆燃特性进行模拟和分析,探讨爆燃超压和爆燃火焰的发展规律,并评估其危害程度和影响范围。结果表明:钻台区域最大超压值为6.1 kPa,对平台结构及设备不会造成明显破坏,对作业人员有轻微伤害;悬臂梁内部最大超压值达到10.4 kPa,会造成平台结构、设备轻微损坏,对作业人员伤害严重;分析了不同场景条件下爆燃火焰的发展规律;高温燃烧火焰会严重影响平台结构、设备等钢材性能,导致设备损坏、结构失效甚至坍塌,对附近作业人员会有致命伤害。The paper is aimed to introduce our numerical simulation research on the deflagration characteristics of flammable gas caused by wellblowout on the offshore drilling platform. As we know, during the operation of offshore oil ＆ gas drilling and extracting, great atten tion has to be attached to the safety issues, especially to the well burstout or explosion accidents. In order to investigate the hazardous situation of a blowout incident, we developed a CFDbased model. We have also analyzed the influence of deflagration overpressure and jet fire under different circumstances with different wind conditions in detail. The various trends of overpressure have been summarized based on the numerical simulation results. In the drill floor area, its overall variation trend can be expressed as： the first overpressure phase to the negative pressure phase to the second overpressure phase, and finally to the steady state. The results of our investigation show that the overpressure in the drill floor area which carl be summa rized up to 6.1 kPa, including no obvious damage on the structures and equipments, but slight harm on human body. A serious over＇pres sure burst under the cantilever beam can usually be up to 10.4 kPa, which can bring about a disaster to destroy the building structure and installation and tragedy of human casualty. Therefore, first of all, we have analyzed the regularity of flame spreading and propagation in different circumstances in the drilling floor area and the extending and expanding in the wind direction. The most serious influence of the blast temperature and thermalradiation affecting the structure and workers on the platform would be brought about with wind blowing. In case of wild wind, the blast explosion is prone to spread away from the platform with the derrick structure keeping a state of high temper ature all the While in the accident, though the jet fire＇ destructive power may be relatively small with the larboard wind and starboard wind. Under the cantilever beam, the expandi

关 键 词：安全工程 海上钻井平台 井喷 天然气 爆燃特性 计算流体动力学 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]