基于SWAT模型的三峡库区非点源污染控制分区及方案研究  

Study on pollution control zoning and measures for non-point sources in Three-Gorge Reservoir area using SWAT model

作　　者：谢慧[1] 郭秀锐[1] 程水源[1] 任睿杰 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院,北京100124

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2014年第4期170-175,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07104-006)

摘　　要：非点源污染对三峡库区流域的水环境污染起主导作用,将SWAT模型应用于三峡库区流域非点源模拟研究,首先确定了SWAT模型在三峡库区的适用性,模拟得出了库区泥沙、总氮、总磷的输入总量及其分别在库区各子流域的分布现状。其次以各子流域非点源污染因子及各污染因子的单位污染负荷和总污染负荷为指标,将库区综合划分为4个控制区域,其中重点控制区和次重点控制区分别占库区总面积的12.3%和38.4%。最后在综合污染控制分区基础上,以库区现状为基准情景,设定了4种单一非点源污染控制情景,包括退耕还林(Q1)、免耕措施(Q2)、减施肥措施(Q3)和添加田边缓冲带(Q4),并模拟验证了4种控制情景对非点源污染控制效果的可行性。在此基础上,将这4种单一措施整合为综合情景(Q5)后,三峡库区泥沙、总氮、总磷输入总量分别比现状减少了38.6%、35.5%和36.5%。Nonpoint source pollution is becoming a very serious problem affecting water quality in Three Gorges Reservoir （TGR） area. In this study, we simulated the situation of nonpoint pollution in this region using SWAT model. First of all, we made efforts to prove SWAT model feasible and practicable for this region, then we made thorough analysis of current distribution of total sediment, TN and TP, and discovered that nonpoint source pollution are concen trated on the western part of Daning River and Xiao Jiang watershed. The total sediment, the total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） are 0.724 million t/a, 8.82 million t/a and 1.761 million t/a, Yulin River valley, Garonne River and Wu Jiang River basin, respectively. It can be divided into four control areas based on the to tal pollution load of sediment and the load per area, with TN and TP taken as the indicators for each subbasin. Among the control areas, the key and subkey control area are supposed to account for 12.3% and 38.4% of the total, respectively. Finally, we examined the ef feet of nonpoint source pollution control in TGR watershed by setting five scenarios, that is, Q1： Returning farmland to forests, Q2： No tillage, Q3： Less fertilization measures, Q4： Applying the filter strip, and Qs： Comprehensive measures. The results stated that the considerable effect can be got from the scenarios. The comprehensive measures can reduce the sediment, TN and TP by 38.6% , 35.5% and 36.5 % , respectively. Therefore, the given measures can help to reduce nonpoint source pollution effectively and be of great signifi cance to improve the water quality in TGR watershed.

关 键 词：环境学 三峡库区 非点源污染 SWAT模型 污染控制区划 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]