氮硫配施对冬小麦氮硫吸收转运及利用效率的影响  

Effects of nitrogen and sulfur interaction on their accumulation, translocation and use efficiency in winter wheat

作　　者：赵玉霞[1] 周芳[1] 李雪芳[1] 李娜[1] 王林权[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2014年第9期1020-1028,共9页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队培养计划项目资助

摘　　要：采用二元二次正交旋转组合设计，通过田间试验研究了陕西关中地区氮硫配施对冬小麦氮硫素吸收、转运及利用效率的影响。试验施氮量[kg（N）·hm-2]设75（N1）、108（N2）、187.5（N3）、267（N4）和300（N5）5个水平，施硫量[kg（S）·hm-2]设75（S1）、97.5（S2）、150（S3）、202.5（S4）和225（S5）5个水平，组成N4S4、N4S2、N2S4、N2S2、N5S3、N1S3、N3S5、N3S1、N3S39个处理。结果表明：拔节期至开花期是冬小麦干物质和氮、硫积累的高峰期，积累量分别占全生育期内干物质和氮、硫积累量的43.33%-48.42%、28.71%-44.77%和40.11%-50.43%。氮素向籽粒的转运率（63.61%-70.64%）远高于硫素向籽粒的转运率（10.63%-30.98%）；氮硫配施促进了小麦花后营养器官氮硫向籽粒的运转，同时增加了总转运量对籽粒氮硫的贡献率。在N2（108 kg·hm-2）和S2（97.5 kg·hm-2）水平，氮硫积累量及转运量随施硫量或施氮量的增加而增加；在N3（187.5 kg·hm-2）和S3（150 kg·hm-2）水平，则随施硫量或施氮量的增加先增加后趋于稳定。植株体内的氮素和硫素吸收累积量具有极显著相关关系。综合考虑氮素（硫素）表观利用率及生理效率，在施氮量（170.64-204.52 kg·hm-2）与施硫量（97.35-139.32 kg·hm-2）水平下，氮硫肥利用率较高。因此，在冬小麦栽培过程中，可以通过调节施氮量和施硫量，充分利用氮硫交互效应，提高氮硫的吸收、分配及利用效率。A field experiment was conducted in Guanzhong Plain of China to identify the effects of the interactions of nitrogen and sulfur on the absorption, translocation and use efficiency of nitrogen and sulfur by winter wheat （‘Xiaoyan 22’）. A two-factor （nitrogen and sulfur） central composite rotatable design was used in the experiment with five levels of nitrogen （75 kg·hm-2, 108 kg·hm-2, 187.5 kg·hm-2, 267 kg·hm-2 and 300 kg·hm-2） and five levels of sulfur （75 kg·hm-2, 97.5 kg·hm-2, 150 kg·hm-2, 202.5 kg·hm-2 and 225 kg·hm-2）. The results showed that dry matter, N and S contents reached peak values during jointing to anthesis stage, accounting for 43.33%-48.42% dry matter, 28.71%-44.77% N and 40.11%-50.43% S contents of the entire winter wheat growth season. Translocation rates of nitrogen （63.61%-70.64%） were much higher than those of sulfur （10.63%-30.98%）. The application of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers increased nitrogen and sulfur contents and translocation from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis. The application of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers also increased the contribution of both nitrogen and sulfur translocation to grain yield. Under N level of 108 kg·hm-2 and S level of 97.5 kg·hm-2, nitrogen and sulfur contents increased significantly with increasing sulfur or nitrogen application levels. At N level of 187.5 kg·hm-2 and S level of 150 kg·hm-2, nitrogen and sulfur contents increased initially before stabilizing with increasing sulfur or nitrogen input. Sulfur content was positively correlated with nitrogen appliction. The combined fertilizaton of nitrogen （170.64-204.52 kg·hm-2） and sulfur （97.35-139.32 kg·hm-2） had higher fertilizer use efficiency and apparent recovery. In conclusion, N ＆amp; S uptake, translocation and use efficiency were increasable through optimizing the application rates of nitrogen and sulfur.

关 键 词：正交旋转组合设计 氮硫配施 冬小麦 氮素 硫素 积累量 转运 表观回收率 生理效率 

分 类 号：S143.71[农业科学—肥料学]