氮肥和种植密度对丹参光合特性日变化的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Density on Diurnal Variation of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Salvia miltiorrhiza

作　　者：吕静霞[1] 王征宏[1] 魏鑫[1] 都开彬[1] 刘会华[1] 乔琦[1] 苗艳芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2014年第8期97-101,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(122102110108);河南科技大学博士基金项目(09001427)

摘　　要：以紫花丹参为材料,研究氮肥和种植密度对其光合特性日变化的影响,以期为丹参规范化种植提供理论依据。结果表明,丹参叶片净光合速率呈现双峰曲线,具有明显的光合"午休"现象,在丹参光合"午休"期间,气孔导度、蒸腾速率、大气CO2浓度均下降,光合有效辐射上升。高氮肥处理下,丹参光合"午休"的主要限制因子是气孔导度,8×104株/hm2种植密度下丹参净光合速率较高;而低氮肥处理下,净光合速率受多个因子共同影响,10×104株/hm2种植密度下丹参净光合速率较高。同一种植密度下,高氮肥处理的丹参净光合速率均较低氮肥处理的高。由此说明,氮肥和密度的互作对丹参净光合速率有明显影响,在一定肥力范围内,可以通过调整种植密度来替代施肥量,以密补肥。In order to provide theoretical basis for normalized cultivation of Salvia miltiorrhiza,the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on diurnal variation of photosynthetic characteristics of purple flower Salvia miltiorrhiza was studied.The results showed that,the diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of Salvia miltiorrhiza presented double-apex curve,and had a phenomenon of photosynthetic ＂noon breaking＂.During photosynthetic ＂noon breaking＂,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and air CO2 concentration decreased,but photosynthetically available radiation increased.Under high nitrogen fertilization condition,stomatal conductance was the main limiting factor affecting the photosynthetic＂noon breaking＂of Salvia miltiorrhiza,and net photosynthetic rate was higher in plant density of 8×104 plants/ha.Under low nitrogen fertilization condition,net photosynthetic rate of Salvia miltiorrhiza was affected by several factors together,and net photosynthetic rate was higher in plant density of10×104 plants/ha.Net photosynthetic rate was higher under high nitrogen fertilizer condition than that under low nitrogen fertilizer condition when the plant density was same.This result indicated that interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and plant density had significant effects on the net photosynthetic rate of Salvia miltiorrhiza.So,in a range of soil fertility amount,plant density can be regulated to compensate or substitute fertilization.

关 键 词：丹参 光合特性 日变化 种植密度 氮肥 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S567[农业科学—农业基础科学]