单一/复合塑化剂制备复合材料中热塑性淀粉基质的研究  

Thermoplastic starch matrix plasticized by single/compound plasticizer in starch-based composites

作　　者：刘鹏[1] 李方义[1] 李剑峰[1] 管凯凯[1] 王成钊[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学机械工程学院,高效洁净机械制造教育部重点实验室,济南250061

出　　处：《功能材料》2014年第14期14140-14144,14149,共6页Journal of Functional Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51275278);山东大学交叉学科培育资助项目(2012JC004)

摘　　要：为了促进淀粉基复合材料中淀粉基质与预处理纤维表面更好的结合,解决热塑性淀粉的再结晶问题,分别采用甲酰胺、尿素、甘油、乙二醇按照10∶2、10∶2.5、10∶3、10∶3.5、10∶4的比例对天然玉米淀粉进行了塑化,同时研究了甲酰胺-尿素复合塑化淀粉和甘油-乙二醇复合塑化淀粉。通过解读红外光谱图谱,塑化剂主要通过与淀粉分子中的羟基形成氢键对淀粉进行塑化,破坏淀粉的晶体结构,最佳塑化比为m(淀粉)∶m(塑化剂)=10∶3,其中甲酰胺与淀粉形成的氢键最强,塑化效果最好。X射线衍射曲线的研究表明,甲酰胺-尿素复合塑化淀粉的结晶度最低,小于1.5%,且复合塑化剂的最佳配比为m(甲酰胺)∶m(尿素)=2∶1。纤维-淀粉分子搭接模型的建立显示了热塑性淀粉与纤维间氢键结合的机理,塑化效果越好,淀粉塑化克服了纤维与淀粉的表面不相容的缺陷,淀粉基质均匀地覆盖在纤维表面。In order to promote the combination of the starch matrix and fiber pretreated in the composites and solve the problem of the recrystallization of thermoplastic starch,this paper respectively takes formamide,ure-a,glycerol and glycol as the plasticizer by the proportion of 10∶2,10∶3,10∶4.From FT-IR spectra,the plas-ticizer plasticized starch mainly through the intermolecular hydrogen bonding with -OH in starch molecules, and the optimal rate of starch：plasticizer is 10∶3.And the hydrogen bonding between formamide and starch was strongest and the plasticizing effect was the best.X-ray diffraction curves have shown that the crystallinity of formamide-urea compound plasticizing TPS is lowest and less than 1 .5%.And the optimal formula of com-pound plasticizer is formamide∶urea = 2∶1 .Fiber-starch schematic of water’s bridge-connection showed good adhesion between TPS matrix and fibers.

关 键 词：热塑性淀粉 塑化剂 复合塑化剂 复合材料 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]