颞骨岩部骨半规管与棘孔距离的应用解剖学观测及测量  

Anatomical Observation and Measurement Distance of Petrous Bone Semicircular Canal and Foramen Spinosum

作　　者：崔文华[1] 徐田磊[1] 黄长志[1] 刘学敏[1] 杨建洲[2] 

机构地区：[1]长治医学院解剖学教研室,046000 [2]长治医学院预防医学教研室

出　　处：《长治医学院学报》2014年第4期261-262,共2页Journal of Changzhi Medical College

基　　金：山西省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2012287)

摘　　要：目的：分析棘孔距离三个骨半规管弓峰的距离范围,为颞骨岩部相关疾病的手术提供解剖学依据。方法：5例干性完整保留颅底的成人尸头标本,共10侧,选用颅中窝入路,利用电钻手工操作磨除骨质的方法小心磨出岩部内前、后、外骨半规管等结构。观察并分别测量棘孔距离三个骨半规管弓峰的距离。结果：两侧棘孔距离三个骨半规管弓峰的距离比较无显著性差异,平均为：棘孔距离前骨半规管（20.59±1.11）mm,棘孔距离后骨半规管（24.39±1.94）mm,棘孔距离外骨半规管（21.63±2.63）mm。结论：前骨半规管距离棘孔距离最短,后骨半规管距离棘孔距离最远,磨除岩部骨质手术操作范围在19.48-26.33 mm之间。在手术或解剖学操作中,接近此距离时应停止操作或变更操作方向,可有效避免不必要损伤,提高手术及解剖学操作的成功率。Obj ective：To provide anatomical basis for the application of surgical approach for the treatment of the diseases associated with petrous bone by analysis of the distance ranges of the foramen spinosum from bow summit of three semicircular canals.Methods：5 cases （10 sides）of intact adult cadaveric head basicranial dry specimens were investigated.The approach of electrodrill manual grind semicircular canals of petrous were used to observe and measure the distance from the foramen spinosum to bow summit of three semicircular canals. Results：There was no significant difference that comparison of between two sides of the distance from foramen spinosum to three semicircular canals.The distance from the foramen spinosum to the anterior semicircular canal was（20.59±1.11）mm,to the posterior semicircular canal was （24.39±1.94）mm,and to the lateral semicircular canal was （21.63±2.63）mm.Conclusion：The shortest distance was from the anterior semicircular canal to the foramen spinosum,while the longest distance was from the posterior semicircular canal to the foramen spinosum which was 19.48~26.33 mm.We should stop or change the direction of the operation when the anatomical parts was close to it,which can avoid unnecessary damage and increase the success rate of surgery.

关 键 词：颞骨岩部 骨半规管 棘孔 应用解剖 

分 类 号：R322[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]