多效膜蒸馏技术用于深度浓缩多种无机盐水溶液  

Deep concentration of various aqueous solutions of inorganic salts by using multiple-effect membrane distillation

作　　者：王平[1] 秦英杰[1,2] 刘晶[1] 刘建军[1] 张昆明[1] 崔东胜 

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300072 [2]天津凯铂能膜工程技术有限公司,天津300308

出　　处：《膜科学与技术》2014年第4期39-44,共6页Membrane Science and Technology

摘　　要：利用中空纤维气隙式多效膜蒸馏组件浓缩处理硫酸盐、盐酸盐、硝酸盐和碳酸盐等16种无机盐水溶液,研究料液浓度在0.5％～40％之间变化时对膜通量和造水比的影响.实验结果表明,料液浓度升高,膜通量和造水比总体呈下降趋势.造成膜通量和造水比下降的因素包括料液蒸汽压、黏度、扩散系数、比热容和热导率随浓度的变化,但蒸汽压下降是主要因素.钾盐、铵盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐的浓度升高对膜通量和造水比影响较小,而盐酸盐、镁盐的浓度升高对膜通量和造水比影响较大.对于所有测验的浓度为18％的料液,膜通量值均可达2.30 L/（m^2·h）以上,造水比在6.5以上,至少相当于9效蒸发器的能效果.整个实验期间膜组件性能良好,所有研究的无机盐的截留率均在99.9％以上.Multiple-effect membrane distillation （MEMD） based on hollow fiber air-gap membrane distillation module was used to concentrate sixteen kinds of aqueous solutions of inorganic salts include sulfate,chloride,nitrate and carbonate.The influence of feed-in concentration of 0.5 %～ 40% on the performance of MEMD process such as trans-membrane flux （J） and gained output ratio （GOR） was studied experimentally.The experimental data indicated that both J and GOR decreased with the increase of feed-in concentration.The factors responsible for this phenomena included vapor pressure,viscosity,diffusion coefficient,specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity,however vapor pressure played a major role.The concentrations of potassium salts,ammonium salts,sulfate and nitrate have less effects on J and GOR,however,the concentrations of hydrochloride and magnesium salts have greater effects on J and GOR.Furthermore for all feed streams of inlet concentration of 18%,the value of J was above 2.30（L · m^-2 · h^-1）and the value of GOR was above 6.5,which was similar with the thermal-efficiency of nine-effect distillation.During the experimental period,membrane module demonstrated excellent performance as indicated by the rejection rate of 〉99.9% for all the inorganic salts tested.

关 键 词：多效膜蒸馏 无机盐 深度浓缩 膜通量 造水比 

分 类 号：TQ028.8[化学工程]