我国超级稻根系特性及根际生态研究现状与趋势  

Current Situation and Prospect of Root Character and Rhizosphere Ecology Research of Super Rice in China

作　　者：沈建凯[1] 贺治洲[1] 郑华斌[2,3] 尹明[1] 谢振宇[1] 黄璜[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南儋州571737 [2]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]农业部华中地区作物栽培科学观测实验站,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2014年第7期33-38,50,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：国家水稻丰产科技工程(No.2013BAD07B11);海南省自然科学基金项目(No.313071);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.1630032014031)

摘　　要：以超级稻为代表的一批超高产水稻研发成功使水稻单产获得大幅度提高。较大的根系生物量、根重密度、根长、根长密度和根直径,根系偏向纵深分布且土壤深层根系生物量增大是超级稻根系生物学主要特征;高的单株根系氧化力、总吸收表面积、活跃吸收表面积、根系细胞分裂素(玉米素与玉米素核苷)含量是超级稻扩库增产的重要根系生理基础。生产中的施肥管理、水分管理、种植方式和根际土壤生态环境pH、氧、微生物、氮素形态等均可显著影响水稻根系的生长发育。通过适当的技术措施调控水稻根际生态环境向有利于水稻生长生理需求方向发展,以促进水稻根系健壮生长,实现水稻增产。水稻高产群体根系构型的形成与根际土壤生态因子匹配原理与调控,高产水稻地下根系、根际生态因子与地上群体的互作机制与调控路径,水稻根系定量化等方面是今后水稻根系深入研究的主要方向。Super rice as a representative variety type of high-yield rice was successfully developed to greatly increase paddy output in China. The large of root biomass, root weight density, root length, root length density, root diameter, and deep soil root biomass are the main biological characteristics of super rice root. The high of root oxidation activity, total root absorbing surface area, active absorbing surface area and root cytokinin（root zeatin and zeatin riboside） content are the important physiological basis of super rice root. In rice cultivation practice, fertilization management, water management, planting mode and rice rhizosphere ecological environment, such as soil pH, oxygen, microorganism and nitrogen morphology can significantly influence root growth of rice. To enhance rice yield, we can regulate rice rhizosphere ecological environment to promote rice roots robust growth through the appropriate technics.The matching principle and regulation technics for high-yield rice population root configuration and its rhizosphere soil ecological factors, interaction mechanism and regulation path for high-yield rice root,rhizosphere soil ecological factors and aboveground population, and rice root quantitative study will be the important direction for rice root study in the future.

关 键 词：超级稻 高产水稻 根 根际生态 

分 类 号：S314[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S511[农业科学—农艺学]