不同倍性冬小麦种内竞争能力的比较研究  

A comparative study on intraspecific competitiveness of different ploidy wheats

作　　者：孙婴婴 刘立生[1] 张岁岐[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第16期4488-4498,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础科学(973)研究发展计划项目(2009CB118604);国家高技术研究(863)发展计划项目(2011AA100504)

摘　　要：通过3个不同倍性冬小麦材料(两倍体栽培一粒、四倍体栽培两粒、六倍体现代品种长武134),在不同水分条件下进行密度实验,研究了不同材料的株高、生物量累积和分蘖动态的变化,以及产量对密度变化的反应。结果表明随着群体的增大,不同倍性材料个体间竞争明显加剧,相互抑制作用增强,种群内部个体大小等级差异增大;在不同群体下各倍性材料的个体生长存在差异,表现为四倍体栽培两粒竞争能力>两倍体栽培一粒>六倍体现代品种长武134,且长武134受种群大小影响最为显著,但长武134产量累积的投入比例最高,产量最高,低竞争能力的个体更适合生产上的需求,是群体高产的基础。研究结果为旱地小麦的高产栽培和育种提供了理论基础。In order to illustrate the competitiveness of three different ploidy wheats （ the diploid Triticum monococcum, the tetraploid Triticum dicoccum, and the hexaploid Triticum aestivum Changwu 134）, field experiment was conducted in Yangling with three planting densities （low,medium and high density, exactly 1, 2.5 and 4 million plants per hectare）, two kinds of water conditions were taken as well respectively one with normal rainfall and irrigation while the other with none. The response of plant height, above-ground biomass, the tiller number per plant, grain yield and yield components to the density and water conditions among three wheat varieties was investigated. The result indicates that： 1 ） As wheat population density increased, the competition between individuals turned more intensive, biomass and tiller was obvious reduced, biomass accumulation rate declined. On the other side, the ample supply of moisture promoted the individual growth, difference between populations increased significantly along with individuals competition decreased. The diploid and tetraploid got the greatest height under medium density at harvest time, comparing with hexaploid what; 2 ） With the increase of population, the competition was strengthened and individual fecundity decreased gradually. Although spike density increased significantly, the strengthening of individual competition for resources limited the dry matter accumulation in post flowering, ultimately resulting in a significant declined in individual reproductivty, the final induced that the grain yeild did not increase with the population increased, especially under water deficit. The results showed that there is not a determined positive linear relationship between population size and yield. Under normal water supply both tetraploid and hexaploid got the highest yield under low density, which proved that high yield could be obtained under appropriate density in the premise of water saving with reasonable water strategy, improved population photosynthetic c

关 键 词：不同倍性冬小麦 种内竞争 种群密度 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]