太湖浮游纤毛虫群落结构及其与环境因子的关系  

Community structure of planktonic ciliates and its relationship to environmental variables in Lake Taihu

作　　者：李静[1,2] 戴曦[1] 孙颖[1] 舒婷婷[1] 刘正文[1] 陈非洲[1] 卢文轩[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]安徽省农业科学院水产研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第16期4672-4681,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31170440);安徽省农业科学院科技创新团队建设(11C0505);安徽省农业科学院院长青年创新基金(13B0528)

摘　　要：用定量蛋白银染色法,对太湖浮游纤毛虫进行定性和定量研究,同时用多元统计方法分析生物和非生物因子对其影响。在全湖设置32个点位进行季度采样,共检出117种纤毛虫,隶属于3纲、15目、78属,其中95种鉴定到种的水平。纤毛虫平均丰度27 170个/L(1 500—139 150个/L),平均生物量600.6μg/L(16.7—8736.0μg/L),以寡毛目、前口目、盾纤目、缘毛目和钩刺目为主。优势种包括:浮游藤壶虫、趣尾毛虫、顶口睥睨虫、银灰膜袋虫、水生钟虫复合种、钟形钟虫、杯铃壳虫、双叉弹跳虫、大弹跳虫、短列裂隙虫、小裂隙虫、圆筒状似铃壳虫。纤毛虫群落结构空间异质性较高,丰度上呈现从南向北、从敞水区向沿岸河口区逐渐增加的趋势;北部湖区以小个体的寡毛目、盾纤目、前口目为主,而南部主要以大个体的寡毛目为主;从功能摄食类群上看,北部各点以食菌种类为主,而南部以食藻种类居多。该类群季节变化明显,于夏季出现丰度峰值,生物量是冬、夏季显著高于春、秋季。通过CCA多元分析发现,太湖纤毛虫群落结构差异主要与水体营养水平、桡足类数量和pH值等有关,且在不同季节由不同的环境因子调控。Ciliates, as a keystone microorganism in water bodies, link bacteria and phytoplankton and higher trophic levels. Accurate quantitative assessment of ciliates would lead to better predictions of material and energy flux through planktonic food web in lake systems. Ciliates were quarterly collected in 2009 at 32 sampling sites in shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu, fixed by Bouin＇s solution, and stained by quantitative protargol stain （QPS）. In this study, the distribution patterns of ciliate community compositions and functional groups were studied. The relationship between the ciliate community compositions and environmental variables including abiotic and biotic parameters was analyzed by canonical correspondence analysis （CCA）. In the 128 samples, a total of 117 species belonging to 3 classes, 15 orders and 78 genera were found. Among the functional groups, 39 species are fallen into the bacterivorous group, represented by orders Scuticociliatida, Hymenostomatida, Peritrichida and Colpodida. Algivorous group had 25 species, mostly belonging to oligotrichids. The mixotrophic, omnivorous and predacious groups had 15, 11 and 10 species, respectively. The rest 17 species belong to the group mainly feeding on heterotrophic flagellates or are in the unclear position. The dominant species were Askenasia acrostomia, Balanion planctonicum, Codonella cratera, Cyclidium glaucoma, Halteria bifurcata, H. grandinella, Rimostrombidium brachykinetum, R. humile, Tintinnopsis cylindrata, Urotricha farcta, VorticeUa aquadulcis complex and V. campanula. Ciliate abundance ranged from 1 500 to 139 150 cells/L （ mean 27 170 cells/L） and biomass from 16.7 to 8736.0 μg/L （mean 600.6 μg/L）. Oligotrichids occupied 45.9% of total ciliate abundance, followed by prostomatids （ 34. 1% ）, scuticociliatids （ 11.8% ）, peritrichids （ 3.6% ） and haptorids （ 2.6% ）. The ciliate community compositions had a high heterogeneity and seasonal succession. Ciliate abundance was significantly higher in summer （August） th

关 键 词：定量蛋白银法 太湖 浮游纤毛虫 生物多样性 时空分布 多元分析 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]