北京夏季地表臭氧污染分布特征及其对植物的伤害效应  

Ground-level ozone distribution pattern in summer of Beijing and its foliar injury effect upon plants

作　　者：张红星[1] 孙旭[1] 姚余辉 万五星[1,2,3] 肖扬[1,2] 孙滨峰[1,2] William J.Manning 韩春萌[5] 郜世奇 高付元 徐卫华[1] 冯兆忠[1] 欧阳志云[1] 王效科[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京城市生态系统研究站,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]阿北师范大学,石家庄050016 [4]马萨诸塞大学 [5]中国矿业大学,北京100083 [6]北京教学植物园,北京100061

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第16期4756-4765,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31170424);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41030744);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41201049);林业公益性行业科研专项(210304301)

摘　　要：臭氧是重要的空气氧化剂,适当浓度的臭氧可以消菌杀毒,但过高浓度的臭氧可能对生物健康构成威胁。随着城市汽车保有量的迅速上升,臭氧的前体物氮氧化物和VOCs排放增多,臭氧浓度随之不断升高,地表臭氧污染日趋严重。地表臭氧的分布特征以及其对植物的胁迫伤害效应引起了人们的重视。是通过监测北京夏季地表臭氧污染分布规律,鉴定是否有植物受到臭氧伤害,以及受伤害植物的种类及地理分布特征,为城市与区域臭氧风险评估提供依据。从2012年7月4日到8月30日,采用被动采样分析的方法,在北京东北、西北、西南、东南郊区以及城区设置了10个研究样点,监测平均臭氧浓度的变化。同时,运用"森林健康专家咨询系统"鉴定植物受臭氧伤害的特征。结果表明:(1)监测期间,北京西部和北部山区的臭氧浓度高于平原地区;在平原地区,公园中的臭氧浓度高于道旁绿化带;山区的臭氧浓度平均为105.39μg/m3,公园中为68.49μg/m3,道旁绿化带为56.54μg/m3;(2)在北京的公园和山区发现了18种植物符合"森林健康专家咨询系统"所述臭氧伤害特征,有五叶地锦(Parthenocissus quinquefolia)、核桃(Juglans regia)、臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)、喇叭花(Pharbitis purpurea)、桑树(Morus alba)、榆树(Ulmus pumila)、国槐(Sophora japonica)金叶槐(Sophora japonica f.flavi-rameus)、木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)、重瓣棣棠花(Kerria japonica)、山香(Hyptis suaveolens)、决明(Cassia tora)、毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)、黄花柳(Salix caprea)、大花地榆(Sanguisorba sitchensis)、火炬树(Rhus typhina)、大豆(Glycine max)、向日葵(Helianthus annuus);没有在道旁绿化带的植物叶片发现臭氧伤害症状;(3)臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)幼树臭氧伤害症状明显,易于辨认,且臭椿出现频率最高,是分布广泛的乡土树种,适合作为臭氧污染指示植物。The ozone in the stratosphere protects the earth from harm due to ultraviolet radiation, while the ozone in the troposphere might do harm to human beings. Ozone below certain concentration can sterilize the air and do good to organisms, but high ozone concentration does harm to terrestrial ecosystems. Very high ozone concentrations were firstly found as pollutant in the smog of Los Angeles and its toxic effect upon plants received more attention. The rapid urbanization in China has caused the emission of large amounts of NOx and VOCs （the main precursors to O3 formation）. Ambient ozone concentration has been the most serious air pollution among many cities in China. In this study, our objectives are： to discern the distribution pattern of ground-level ozone in Beijing; to find whether plants were injured by ambient ozone in Beijing; and to detect the distribution pattern of the damaged plants in this region. We used passive sampler to monitor ozone concentrations at 10 sites in the city and suburb of Beijing from July 1st to August 30 in 2012 and surveyed the foliar ozone symptoms on the basis of the Forest Health Expert Advisory System from August 15 to 19. The results indicated that the ozone concentrations in mountain regions were significantly higher than those in plain regions around Beijing. In the plain region, the ozone concentration in the green belt adjacent to main motorways was lower than that in parks. The mean ozone concentrations in the mountain, the park and the green belt near to main motorway were： 105.39 μg/m^3 ,68.49 μg/ m^3 and 56.54 μg/m^3. Except for the green belt of motorway, 18 species showed typical ozone symptoms both in mountain and in plain regions. These plants are ： Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Juglans regia, Ailanthus altissima, Pharbitis purpurea, Morus alba , Ulmus pumila , Sophora japonica, Sophora japonica f. flavi-rameus , Hibiscus syriacus , Kerria japonica, Hyptis suaveolens , Cassia tora , Populus tomentosa , Salix caprea , Sanguisorba sitchensis , Rhus typhin

关 键 词：北京 臭氧分布 植物伤害效应 

分 类 号：X515[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173