重庆岩溶地区季节性富水营运隧道渗漏水病害特征及其成因机制分析  

Analysis of Water Seepage Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms in Seasonal Water-Rich Tunnels in a Karst Area of Chongqing

作　　者：邹育麟[1] 何川[1] 何聪[1] 张政[1] 汪波[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学交通隧道工程教育部重点实验室,土木工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《现代隧道技术》2014年第4期18-27,45,共11页Modern Tunnelling Technology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(No.2012BAG05B03);国家973计划(No.2010CB732105);国家自然基金项目(No.51378434);重庆市交通科学技术项目(No.2011-03);西南交通大学博士研究生创新基金资助(2013-02)

摘　　要：文章在全面搜集重庆地区现役187座高速公路营运隧道的基础上,针对目前出现渗漏水病害的66座隧道进行了调研,选取了15座渗漏病害比较严重的隧道进行归纳统计分析,依据其区域分布特征,得出了隧道渗漏水病害同岩溶地貌,以及季节性降水存在的必然联系;进而选取了具有典型代表特征的秀山隧道作为研究对象,对其渗漏水病害特征、致灾机制,以及成因机制进行了探讨。研究表明,重庆岩溶地区隧道渗漏水病害在空间里程上呈带状分布、时间上具有延续性、隧址区岩溶水呈动态变化、与不良地质段在里程上分布基本一致,且隧道周围水环境与暗河存在间断性联系等典型病害特征;隧道穿越岩溶发育区储水型构造,致使其在不同时期存在三种不同工作状态,即正常工作状态、高水压工作状态、低水压工作状态的相互转换;渗漏水病害是隧址区内外众多因素共同作用的结果,尤其是同其水文地质条件、设计因素,以及防排水设施施工质量和营运期间的失效性等有关。实践检验表明,对于岩溶地区季节性富水营运隧道渗漏水病害的治理区段,应以"排为主,堵为辅"。Based on an investigation of 66 of the 187 operational highway tunnels with water seepage in Chongqing, this paper selects 15 tunnels with serious water seepage for a statistical analysis and indicates a connection of water seepage to karst landforms and seasonal rainfall according to its distribution characteristics. Using the Xiushan tunnel as an example, the paper discusses water seepage characteristics and relevant formation mechanisms. The results shows that： （1） water seepage in tunnels in the Chongqing karst area typically has the characteristics of zonal distribution, temporal continuance, dynamic karst water changes, unfavorable geological conditions, and an intermittent connection between water surrounding the tunnel and the underground river; （2） passing through a developed karst area, three working conditions may be encountered by tunnel construction at different stages, i.e., a normal condition, high water-pressure condition, and low water-pressure condition; and （3） water seepage is a result of multiple factors, especially the hydrogeologic conditions, design factors, construction quality of the waterproofing and drainage facilities, failures during operation, etc. The practice indicates that tunnels in these geological conditions should follow the principle of drainage first with blocking to follow.

关 键 词：岩溶隧道 渗漏水 病害特征 致灾机制 治理措施 

分 类 号：P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学] U457.2[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]