抗战时期大后方基层保甲的困境——以四川南溪县兵役纠纷及其解决为例  

Dilemma of Baojia in the Rear Area during the Anti Japanese War——A Case Study of the Military Service Disputes and Solutions in Nanxi County,Sichuan Province

作　　者：张艺[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,四川成都610207

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第4期46-54,共9页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"民国时期乡村社会及其纠纷解决--以民国四川县级司法档案为依据"(09BZS017)

摘　　要：20世纪30年代,保甲制度逐步复苏。抗战时期,后方保甲制度日趋完备,对战时征兵、征粮等工作皆有贡献。随着保甲的兴起,基层社会乡民与保甲之间常产生矛盾与纠纷,因征兵而产生的兵役纠纷则较为特殊。抗战时期四川南溪县的兵役诉讼档案正展现了纠纷产生及其解决的过程,也能反映其背后复杂的社会现实。结合其他史料可知,屡屡涉讼的保甲并非只是"恶"人,他们在多重压力下承担了较多基层政府之责任。同时,近代科层制虽已在基层政府建立,但相应之部门"权大责小",作用有限。可见国家从上至下虽已具备近代化之政治体制,但基层仍是"传统社会"的延续或变异。The Baojia System was gradually recovering in 1930s. During the Anti Japanese War, the Baojia System had been fully developed, which contributed to the acquisition of grain and conscription in the wartime. With the rise of Baojia, some contradictions and disputes between villagers and the system arose. However, the military service disputes caused by conscription were relatively special. The military lawsuit archives of Nanxi County had showed the disputes and solutions and reflected the complicated social reality behind them. In combination with other historical materials, Baojia was not only the ＂evil＂, but also assumed many responsibilities as a local government organization under multiple pressures. Meanwhile, the bureaucracy had been established in local governments, but the departments under it had great power with small duty and limited influence. Thus the whole country＇s political system had been modernized, but the grassroots was still the variation or extension of the ＂traditional society＂.

关 键 词：抗战时期 兵役纠纷 保甲组织 南溪档案 基层社会 近代科层制 

分 类 号：K265.9[历史地理—历史学]