聚丙烯/碳酸钙复合无纺布的仿生矿化制备及其在油水分离中的应用  

Bio-inspired Fabrication of Superhydrophilic and Underwater Superoleophobic Mineralized Polypropylene Nonwoven Meshes for Oil /Water Separation

作　　者：廖渴 叶翔宇[1] 徐志康[1] 

机构地区：[1]高分子合成与功能构造教育部重点实验室浙江大学高分子科学与工程学系,杭州310027

出　　处：《高分子学报》2014年第9期1257-1264,共8页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号50933006)资助项目

摘　　要：基于仿生矿化中的基质媒介原则,通过交替浸渍矿化过程(alternating soaking process,ASP)制备了表面负载均匀碳酸钙矿物涂层的聚丙烯无纺布有机/无机复合膜.静/动态水下油接触角测试结果表明,矿化膜具有很强的锁水能力,可将水分子吸附在膜表面形成稳定斥油界面,从而对二氯乙烷、正十六烷、石油醚、汽油、柴油等常用油均表现出超疏油(CA>150°)和低油滴黏附(SA<5°)性质.同时无纺布具有三维孔洞相互贯通的独特结构和高孔隙率,使得矿化膜表现出过膜压力低(油水乳液自身重力驱动)和油临界击穿压力高(>10 kPa)的特性.模型油水乳液分离效果实验发现矿化膜对尺寸在2μm以上的乳液油滴有较好的截留作用,可望应用于一些实际工业含油废水的处理.A novel kind of composite membranes for oil/water separation were prepared via the combination of polypropylene non-woven meshes and superhydrophilic CaCO3-based mineral layer inspired by biomineralization. Poly （acrylic acid） brushes, which are negatively charged and can induce nucleation of CaCO3,were first tethered on the fiber surface of polypropylene non-woven meshes by UV-induced graft polymerization. The mineral layer was then fabricated on the mesh surface by an alternative soaking process. Results from measurements of static and dynamic oil contact angles reveal that the rigid mineral layer traps abundant water and forms a stable oil-repellent interface, which endows the membranes with underwater superoleophobicity （CA 〉 150°） and low oil-adhesion （SA 〈 5°） for various kinds of oils. Moreover, the mineral-coated meshes exhibit low transmembrane pressure for water （gravity-driven filtration） and relatively high critical oil breakthrough pressure （ 〉 10 kPa） due to the unique multiple interconnected pores and overall high porosity of the non-woven structure. Model oil-in-water emulsion filtration experiments further show that the mineralized meshes have high rejection rate towards oil droplets whose particle sizes are larger than 2 μm, thus making these composite non-woven meshes promising in the treatment of some industrial oil/water mixtures.

关 键 词：聚丙烯无纺布 仿生矿化 碳酸钙 水下超疏油 油水分离 

分 类 号：TQ028.8[化学工程] TS106[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程]