西安市阎良区降氟改水工程预防地方性氟中毒效果评价  

Effect of the project of lowing fluoride content in drinking water on prevention of endemic fluorosis in Yanliang District of Xi'an

作　　者：张继卫 

机构地区：[1]陕西省西安市阎良区疾病预防控制中心,710089

出　　处：《职业与健康》2014年第17期F0002-F0002,F0003,共2页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解西安市阎良区(饮水型地方性氟中毒病区)降氟改水工程15年来地方性氟中毒病情变化趋势,评价降氟改水防病效果,为调整饮水型氟中毒策略提供依据。方法对全区农村饮水现状和改水工程正常使用情况进行调查,测定末梢水和儿童尿氟含量;儿童进行氟斑牙诊断,成人进行氟骨症诊断。结果病区村全部改水,管道入户率为100%,病区村改水工程设备10年来运转正常,受益人口达26.3万人。儿童氟斑牙患病率为4.13%;成人氟骨症临床患病率为1.82%;水氟含量合格工程52个,合格率为100%。结论降氟改水是降低饮水型氟中毒发病的有效措施;儿童氟斑牙患病率和成人氟骨症临床患病率比改水前明显下降,应继续注意病情动态变化。[ Objective] To understand the variation trend of endemic fluorosis in Yanliang District （ drinking water endemic fluorosis area） after carrying out the project of lowing fluoride content in drinking water 15 years, evaluate the effect, provide basis for adjus- ting the preventive strategies. [ Methods] The current situation of drinking water in rural area and normal using situation of the project were investigated, the content of fluorine in tap water and children urine were detected, dental fluorosis of children and skeletal fluorosis of adults were diagnosed. [ Results] The water in endemic area was all improved, the rate of piped into homes was 100%. The equipments of project run faultlessly for the past ten years, beneficiaries were 263 000. The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis in children was 4.13%, and the skeletal fluorosis in adults was 1.83%. The qualified project of water fluorine content was 52, and the qualified rate was 100%. [Conclusion]Lowing fluoride content in drinking water is the effective measure to reduce the drinking-water endemic fluorosis, the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children and skeletal fluorosis in adults fall significantly, we should continue to pay attention to the dynamic change of the disease.

关 键 词：饮水型地方性氟中毒 氟斑牙 氟骨症 效果评价 

分 类 号：R123.5[医药卫生—环境卫生学]