气候变化对黑龙江-阿穆尔河流域的生态环境影响  

Impact of climatic change on ecological environment of Heilongjiang-Amur River Basin

作　　者：易卿[1] 程彦培[1] 张健康[1] 董华[1] 刘坤[1] 倪增石[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,石家庄050061

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技》2014年第5期90-95,103,共7页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查工作项目"亚洲地下水资源与环境地质编图"(1212010813090)

摘　　要：利用1981年-2010年中国、俄罗斯两国气温、降水资料和1992年、2000年、2010年三期遥感影像资料,研究了黑龙江-阿穆尔河流域气候变化特征,进而分析气候变化对该地区生态环境的影响。结果表明:黑龙江-阿穆尔河流域多年平均气温以0.33℃/(10a)的倾向率呈增高趋势;多年平均降水量波动性较大,总体以22.05mm/(10a)的倾向率减少。由于气候变暖趋干和人为活动的影响,导致黑龙江-阿穆尔河流域的植被覆盖发生变化,并引起森林生态系统退化、湿地萎缩、冻结层退缩、沙化土地扩大等生态环境的变化。The characteristics of climate change in the Heilongjiang-Amur River Basin were investigated using the temperature and precipitation data of China and Russia from 1981 to 2010 and three-stage （1992, 2000, and 2010） remote-sensing image data, and the impacts of climate change on the ecological environment in the area were analyzed. The results indicated that the annual average temperature increases with a rate of 0.33℃ per decade, while the perennial average precipitation decreases with a rate of 22.05 mm per decade in the Heilongjiang-Amur River Basin. Due to the drying and warming climate and impacts of human activities, the vegetation cover in the Heilongjiang-Amur River Basin changed significantly, which caused great impacts on the ecological environment, such as the degradation of the forest ecological system, wetland shrinkage, permafrost thawing, and land desertification.

关 键 词：黑龙江-阿穆尔河 气候变化 土地沙化 湿地退化 冻结层退缩 

分 类 号：P66[天文地球—地质学]