应用新型好氧堆肥反应器连续投加处理人粪便的研究  

A Study on the Continuously Feeding for Treating Human Feces Using a New Type Aerobic Composting Reactor

作　　者：陈威[1] 王玉新[2] 

机构地区：[1]中冶华天工程技术有限公司,江苏南京210019 [2]西安建筑科技大学,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《环境科技》2014年第4期35-39,共5页Environmental Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目(51021140002)

摘　　要：针对间歇式堆肥反应器处理效率低、不便移动、单次投加所需物料量大等不足,以及为更有效地处理分散型人粪便,使人粪便资源化,开发了梨形筒式好氧堆肥反应器。在获得该反应器的最佳通风与搅拌频率分别为3.0 L/min,5 min/h以及最佳m(粪便)︰m(锯末)为1︰2.5的条件下进行连续投加人粪便好氧堆肥。在不接种微生物的30 d堆制过程中,升-降温周期为36 h,平均温度为51.44℃,第15天时COD降解率达到63.99%并趋于稳定,TN损失率第17天时达到56.68%,GI于第21天时达到106.25%,堆肥完全腐熟,稳定期处理效率为23.81 g/(L·d)。接种土著菌种时,升-降温周期缩短至24 h,平均温度为53.96℃,COD降解率8 d可达65.28%,TN损失率仅为25.75%,GI于第8天达到108.22%,稳定期处理效率可达35.71 g/(L·d),比不接种时提高1.5倍,同时节约能耗50%。The pyriform rotating drum reactor for aerobic composting human feces was developed to solve the problems of low treatment efficiency, bad movability and large initial quantity of batch feeding of material. Also, the novel reactor might be used to effectively treat the non-centralized human feces, which could be as a resource of fertilizer. A continuous feb-batch composting with inoculation for human feces was carried out under the best condition of 3.0 L/min of ventilation rate, 5 min/h of stirring frequency and 1︰2.5 dry weight ratio. In 15 days of non-inoculating compost, the cycle of temperature rising and falling was 36 hours and the average temperature was 51.44 ℃. The degradation rate of COD stably reached 63.99% in the 15th day and 56.68% of total nitrogen loss by 17 days, 106.25% of GI by 21 days. Reaching composting maturity, the stabilization stage composting efficiency was 23.81 g/（L·d）. The aboriginal bacteria inoculation resulted in the cyclic duration of temperature rising and falling decreasing to 24 hours, 53.96 ℃ of average temperature, the degradation rate of COD reaching 65.28% by 8 days, 25.75% of total nitrogen loss, 108.22% of GI by 8 days. The stabilization stage composting efficiency reached 35.71 g/（L·d）, which was 1.5 times than non-inoculating compost; thus, the compost cost could be significantly reduced by 50%.

关 键 词：好氧堆肥 人粪便 连续投加 接种微生物 腐熟 

分 类 号：X7[环境科学与工程—环境工程]