浅层地下水中石油类污染物监测自然衰减(MNA)预测与适宜性评价研究  

Forecast and Suitability Assessment of Monitored Natural Attenuation(MNA)of Petroleum Pollutant in Shallow Groundwater

作　　者：王威 陈社明 马震 陈彭 

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心,天津300170

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2014年第8期29-33,37,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目"河北渤海新区地质环境调查评价"(No.1212011120087)

摘　　要：在石油开采、运输、加工的过程中,泄漏、淋落等环境污染事故时有发生,石油类污染物通过渗漏进入含水层,对地下水造成污染[1],且危害巨大。目前较典型的地下水污染修复技术主要有3类:抽出处理(Pump-Treat)技术,简称P&T技术;监测自然衰减(Monitor Natural Attenuation)技术,简称MNA技术;原位(In-Situ)修复技术[2]。监测自然衰减同其他技术方法相比,具有彻底清除转化污染物,无二次污染和副产物产生;对污染场地周围的环境无破坏性;处理费用相对较低等特点。通过比较优选监测自然衰减作为研究区主要修复方法,在地下水石油污染调查的基础上,选取典型场地开展石油类污染物迁移预测研究。在现场监测和室内实验研究的基础上,利用Visual Modflow数值模拟软件建立典型场地地下水流模型;以TPH(总石油烃)为目标污染物建立典型场地石油类污染物溶质运移模型,进行预测评价,结果显示监测自然衰减技术适宜作为本场地的主要治理方法,且能在相对较短的修复时间内达到理想的修复效果。从模拟预测结果来看,污染晕的中心始终在场地的中心区域,迁移距离较小,污染物以自然衰减作用为主,受对流弥散作用影响并不明显,总体上看只要措施得当,不会对场地区域外地下水环境造成太严重的影响。In the process of oil production, transportation, processing, the environmental pollution accidents occur frequently, the petroleum pollutants leak into the aquifer, can cause groundwater pollution. At present, the typical groundwater pollution remediation technologies mainly have three categories., pump-an＆treat technique （P^T）, monitored natural attenuation technique （MNA）, insitu remediation technique. Compared with other methods, monitored natural attenuation can remove pollutants thoroughly with relatively low processing costs, without secondary pollution and byproduct, and does not damage the environment around the contaminated site. Through comparing, the monitored natural attenuation is selected as the mainly repair method for the study area. On the basis of field monitoring and lab experiment study, the groundwater flow model of typical area is established with Visual Modflow software. TPH （total petroleum hydrocarbons） is used as the target pollutant to establish petroleum pollutants solute transport mod- el of typical field. The forecast result shows that the monitored natural attenuation technique is suitable for this field, and it can re- pair the field in a relatively short period of time. From prediction results, the center of the pollution plume is always at the center of the field area, migration distance is short, the decline of pollutant concentration is mainly caused by natural attenuation effect, and the effect convection dispersion is not obvious. Overall, as long as take appropriate measures, it will not influence the groundwater environment outside the field area.

关 键 词：总石油烃(TPH) 地下水污染 监测自然衰减(MNA) 数值模拟 溶质运移 

分 类 号：P641[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]