富锂氧化铝对铝电解生产的影响  

Influences of rich-lithium alumina on aluminum reduction production

作　　者：黄海波[1] 邱仕麟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国铝业股份有限公司郑州研究院,河南郑州450041

出　　处：《轻金属》2014年第8期26-28,共3页Light Metals

摘　　要：近年来随着国内铝土矿资源贫化,国产氧化铝中的杂质特别是锂、钾含量持续增多,已对电解工业生产产生了显著的影响。采用富锂氧化铝作为原料的电解槽电解质中氟化锂大量富集,目前大部分企业氟化锂已经超过3%,最高已经达到7%以上。氟化锂含量大幅升高导致电解温度持续走低,由此产生氧化铝过饱和引起工艺操作上的困难,电解槽炉底沉淀增多、稳定性变差,技术条件保持难度增加,电解槽正常生产难以为继。针对出现的诸多问题,电解铝企业采取不同的应对措施,其中用进口氧化铝或低锂氧化铝替换富锂氧化铝的措施已经在很多电解企业得到实施,虽然电解质中锂含量得到一定程度的缓解,但采购成本增加较大。富锂氧化铝的节能技术也有重要进展,在一些电解企业得到推广应用取得较好效果。With the domestic bauxite resource being depleted,the impurities in domestic alumina,in particular lithium and potassium contents are increasing continuously in recent years,which have a significant impact on aluminum reduction production. Due to take rich-lithium alumina as raw materials,a large amount of lithium fluoride accumulate in the electrolyte,at present lithium fluoride contents in aluminum reduction pots in most smelters using rich lithium alumina as raw materials are more than 3%,the highest one are more than 7%. Higher lithium fluoride contents in pots would lead the aluminum reduction temperature to continuously decrease result in super-saturation of alumina,so that the deposition on the pot bottom increases,the stability of pot becomes poor,the technical conditions are difficult to keep and the normal production is difficult to maintain. In the light of these problems,the different measures are taken by smelters,such as importing alumina or using low content lithium alumina to substitute rich-lithium alumina. Although the lithium contents in the electrolyte are lowered to some extent,the purchase costs increase. Energy saving technology of rich-lithium alumina has gain important progress and the application has achieved good effects in some smelters.

关 键 词：富锂氧化铝 铝电解质 铝电解 氟化锂 槽寿命 

分 类 号：TF821[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]