中美俄竞技体育竞争格局的多维审视  

Multidimensional Inspection on Sports Competition Pattern among America,Russia and China

作　　者：牟骏睿[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆理工大学体育教学部,重庆400054

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2014年第3期116-121,共6页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(编号:11YJZH235)

摘　　要：为全面厘清中美俄三大国竞技体育竞争格局发展状况,利用文献资料、专家访谈、数理统计和逻辑分析等方法,对新中国所参加的历届夏季奥运会上中美俄三国竞争态势的演变进行深入研究。结果表明:中美俄竞技体育竞争格局由美俄两强发展为美中两强,俄罗斯实力下滑跌出三强;美国在金牌与奖牌数量上领先于中国与俄罗斯,中国跃升至金牌榜第二位置;美国游泳、田径、竞技体操、摔跤、拳击、射击、网球、篮球等的金牌贡献率达到90.06%,游泳与田径两项金牌贡献率就达63.46%;俄罗斯的优势项目分布在田径、摔跤、竞技体操、游泳、射击5个项目,金牌贡献率达63.09%;中国的奥运金牌优势项目分布在跳水、举重、竞技体操、乒乓球、羽毛球、射击6项,金牌贡献率达73.63%。中美俄三国竞技体育之争折射出其经济实力、体育体制、竞技人才培养模式、综合国力与大国实力的博弈。建议从体制保障、发展模式、人才队伍建设与体育科技化等方面提高我国竞技体育整体实力。To clarify the situation of sports competition among America, Russia and China, the author used literature re- views, expert interviews, statistics and logic analysis to make an in-depth study on the evolution of the three countries＇ competition situation in all previous Summer Olympics since China＇ s participation. The results showed that the three coun- tries＇ competition pattern was becoming a duopoly of USA and China in sports and Russia＇ s strength declining,instead of a duopoly of USA and Russia;the number of gold medals and medals of America was ahead of China and Russia,and Chi- na＇ s gold medal tally jumped to the second position ; the contribution rate of some Amercian events＇ gold medals reached 90.06%, such as swimming, athletics, gymnastics, wrestling, boxing, shooting, tennis, basketball, and the contribution rate of swimming and track and field＇ s gold medals reached 63.46% ;Russia＇ s superiority events distributed in track and field, wrestling ,gymnastics, swimming and shooting, their contribution rate reached 63.09% ;Olympic events in which China could get the gold medals distributed in diving, weightlifting, gymnastics, table tennis, badminton and shooting, their contri- bution rate reached 73.63%. Competing among America, Russia and China for competitive sports reflected the economic strength, sports system, training mode of sports talents, comprehensive national strength and power game. The author sug- gested enhancing the overall strength of China＇ s competitive sports from system security, development mode, talent team construction and sports science and technology.

关 键 词：竞技体育 中国 美国 俄罗斯 竞争格局 

分 类 号：G80-051[文化科学—运动人体科学]