近代科学对偶然性的接受及其与基督教创世教义的关系 对福斯特论题的评述与修正  

The Acceptance of Contingency by Modern Science and Its Relations with the Christian Doctrine of Creation:A Review and Modification of Foster's Thesis

作　　者：刘任翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《科学文化评论》2014年第3期21-31,共11页Science & Culture Review

摘　　要：福斯特的论题一反有关科学与宗教关系的冲突论,试图论证基督教教义对近代科学不容忽视的影响,具体地说就是上帝创世教义导致了自然哲学中对偶然性的接受,进而使得近代科学家在方法论上重视观察、经验。在他看来,基督教教义的内容在这一过程中变化不大,但影响范围延伸到自然哲学领域。福斯特论题对科学史界产生了深远影响,但也存在着一些问题,如忽视了文艺复兴时期柏拉图主义的作用,对基督教教义渗入自然哲学之过程的定期过于狭窄,忽视方法对自然哲学的反向构建,等等;为了延续其思想活力,可以将论证限于"创世教义对自然哲学接受偶然性的影响"这一步,并适度扩展这一影响的时间跨度。Proposed against the confliction thesis of the relation between science and religion, Michael Foster＇s thesis argues for the influences of Christian doctrines upon modern science which cannot be neglected - or more concretely, for the thesis that the doctrine of creation leads to the acceptance of contingency within natural philosophy, and then further to the methodological emphasis on observation and experience by modern scientists. For him, the contents of Christian doctrines scarcely underwent any change, while their influence has spread to the realm of natural philosophy Foster＇s thesis echoes pervasively among historians of science, though it has some problems, such as neglecting the function of Renaissance Platonism, overly narrowed definition of the time span for which the doctrines permeated into natural philosophy, and ignoring the counter-construction of method upon natural philosophy. In order to maintain the vitality of Foster＇s thought, we may limit his argument within ＂the step from the doctrine of creation to the acceptance of contingency in natural philosophy＂, and meanwhile moderately extend the time span of this very influence

关 键 词：福斯特论题 近代科学 基督教 创世教义 偶然性 经验方法 

分 类 号：B025.6[哲学宗教—哲学理论]