粉末冶金零件生产用石墨粉的选择  

Selection of Graphite Powder Used in Powder Metallurgy Parts Production

作　　者：韩凤麟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国机协粉末冶金分会,北京100825

出　　处：《粉末冶金工业》2014年第4期1-10,共10页Powder Metallurgy Industry

摘　　要：粉末冶金零件应用领域的扩大,在于和其他各种制造工艺与材料的竞争。这种竞争实质上是粉末冶金零件生产中的3个关键变量:使用性能(力学性能)、价格及精度(尺寸变化与其稳定性)和其他制造工艺与材料的竞争。而原材料价格的易变性强烈影响了其第4个变量:生产的利润率。在粉末冶金结构零件生产中,石墨的主要作用是烧结时使碳扩散到纯铁粉或预合金化铁粉颗粒中,以使钢基体硬化。石墨有2种:天然石墨和初生合成石墨,这2种石墨在烧结时的性状是不同的。本文介绍了最近一些实验室与规模生产的试验结果,通过选择最合适的石墨粉得到粉末冶金零件生产中的上述3个关键变量的最佳值,以提高粉末冶金零件的生产竞争力。Chance to expand the application field for powder metallurgy parts versus competing manufacturing technologies and materials are based on three key variables： performance, price and precision-in terms of dimen- sional tolerance and stability. Volatility of raw materials＇ price strongly affects a fourth variable： profitability. Graphite in the structural PM parts is primarily responsible for the steel matrix hardening, by its diffusion into pure or pre-alloyed iron particles. The graphite has two types： natural graphite and primary synthetic graphite. The physi- cal characteristics of natural and primary synthetic graphite were presented with reference to different behavior during sintering. The paper reviewed recent publications, some tests results obtained both in laboratory as well as in production scale, the aims showing how an optimized selection of graphite powder allows addressing the three key variables.

关 键 词：粉末冶金零件 石墨 天然石墨 初生合成石墨 

分 类 号：TQ127.11[化学工程—无机化工]