北方铁路站段冬季生活污水生态塘处理试验研究  

Experimental Study on Sewage Treatment with Ecological Pond for Northern Railway Stations and Depots in Winter

作　　者：李德生[1] 曾琪静[1] 卢阳阳[1] 邓时海[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2014年第4期129-135,共7页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51278034);铁道部科技研究开发计划项目(2010Z003-B;2011Z003-A)

摘　　要：为研究冬季低温条件下用生态塘处理北方铁路站段生活污水的技术,构建了由土壤层、保温层、进水层、布水层、多元催化填料层和集水层以及格栅井、潜污泵、污水预处理装置等组成的生态塘试验系统。在每年的11月至次年的4月,采取冬季污水强化处理措施,将污水由土壤层下布水管引入生态塘,在生态塘表面覆盖约300mm厚的枯萎芦苇秆等,在多元催化填料渗滤层中部的取样口处增设间断曝气,并分别采用0.2,0.4和0.5m3·(m2·d)-1的水力负荷,试验研究冬季的生态塘内生活污水处理机理及污染物去除效果。结果表明:通过微生物的新陈代谢以及多元催化填料的吸附、化学反应和原电池反应等耦合作用,生态塘内的生活污水得到净化处理;冬季的最佳水力负荷为0.4m3·(m2·d)-1,在此负荷下有机物、氨氮、总氮和总磷的去除率分别为80%,85%,80%和98%,取得了与春夏季同样的处理效果,而且与通常使用的生态塘相比,对季节变化的适应性更强。Ecological pond test system composed of the soil layer,insulation layer,influent layer,water distribution layer,multivariate catalytic filler layer,water catchment layer,grille well,submersible sewage pump,sewage pretreatment devices,etc.was developed to remove the sewage of northern railway stations and depots with low temperature in winter.In November to next April of each year,the sewage treatment mechanism and pollutant removal effect about the ecological pond in winter was studied by the sewage into the ecological pond from water distribution pipes under soil layer,covering about 300 mm thick withered reeds on the surface of the ecological pond etc.,creating the intermittent aeration in the middle sampling mouth of the multivariate catalytic filler layer,and the optimal hydraulic loading of 0.2,0.4 and 0.5 m^3 · （m^2 · d）^-1.The results showed that the sewage was effectively removed by the coupling between the microbial metabolism,and absorption,chemical reactions and primary cell reactions of the multivariate catalytic filler in the ecological pond.The removal rates of organics,ammonia,total nitrogen and total phosphorus by the ecological pond test system were respectively 80%,85%,80% and 98% under the best hydraulic loading of 0.4 m^3 · （m^2 · d）^-1 in winter.The ecological pond test system in winter had the same treatment effect as that in spring and summer,and has stronger adaptability to seasonal changes comparing with the common used ecological pond.

关 键 词：生活污水处理 生态塘 水力负荷 污染物去除 北方铁路 冬季 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]