保墒措施对临猗梨枣叶片矿质元素含量和产量的影响  

Effects of Three Soil Moisture Conservation Measures on Dynamics of Mineral Nutrition Elements in Ziziphus jujuba ‘Linyilizao' Leaves and Its Yield

作　　者：浦俊[1] 徐福利[1,2] 王渭玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学,中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100

出　　处：《林业科学》2014年第7期8-16,共9页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD29B04);陕西省科技创新工程(2011KTCL02-02)

摘　　要：以8年生矮化密植山地临猗梨枣为试验材料,野外试验与室内分析相结合,研究在滴灌、秸秆覆盖、积水鱼鳞坑措施下,连续多年氮、磷、钾配施和不施肥等6种处理（A.滴灌＋施肥;B.滴灌;C.秸秆覆盖＋施肥;D.秸秆覆盖;E.施肥;F.对照）对梨枣叶片中9种矿质元素（N,P,K,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Ca,Mg）季节累积动态的影响.结果表明：滴灌处理可提高叶片中N,P,K,Mg,Mn,Cu的含量,P,K,Mn,Cu,Zn的含量在秸秆覆盖中最低,秸秆覆盖＋施肥可显著提高P,K,Mn,Cu,Zn,Fe的含量;除Mg外,其余元素含量以施肥处理最高.不同保墒措施下,各元素含量呈现相似的变化趋势,叶片N,P,K含量呈降低趋势;Ca,Mn含量呈上升趋势,Mg含量先上升后保持稳定,然后再下降并保持稳定;Zn含量呈降低-升高-降低的趋势;Fe含量先升高后降低;Cu含量呈降低-升高-降低-升高后保持稳定.矿质元素在叶片中的积累存在协同和拮抗作用,不同保墒措施可改变元素间的相关程度.各处理梨枣产量大小顺序排序为：滴灌＋施肥＞滴灌＞秸秆覆盖＋施肥＞施肥＞秸秆覆盖＞对照.滴灌＋施肥较其他处理可提高梨枣产量47.47％ - 143.67％.To investigate the effect of soil moisture conservation measures and drip irrigation on dynamics of mineral nutrition elements in Ziziphus jujuba ＇ Linyilizao＇ （ ＇ Linyilizao＇ ） leaves, an experiment was conducted in loess hilly regions. The seasonal dynamic changes of nine mineral nutrition elements （including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe） in ＇ Linyilizao＇ leaves under six treatments,i, e. A. drip irrigation and fertilizer, B. drip irrigation, C. straw mulching and fertilizer, D. straw mulching, E. fertilizer, and F. control） were examined. The results showed that the contents of N, P, K, Mg, Mn and Cu elements were increased under drip irrigation and fertilizer treatment. The contents of P, K, Mn, Cu and Zn were lowest in straw mulching treatment, which were improved with fertilizer addition. With the exception of Mg element, contents of the other eight elements were relatively high with fertilizer treatment. The similar dynamics of mineral elements were observed in the growth period. N, P and K contents showed a trend of decrease while Ca, and Mn contents increased; Mg content rose to a stable level, then experienced fall; Zn and Cu contents fluctuated. Fe content increased and then decreased. Accumulation of mineral elements in leaves showed a synergistic or antagonism effect, and the different moisture conservation measures and drip irrigation changed the correlation degree between the elements. The ＇Linyilizao＇ yield in different treatments exhibited an order of drip irrigation and fertilizer 〉 drip irrigation 〉 straw mulching and fertilizer 〉 fertilizer 〉 straw mulching 〉 control, and the yield of drip irrigation and fertilizer was increased from 47.47% to 143.67% compared with other treatments.

关 键 词：临猗梨枣 保墒措施 滴灌 矿质元素 累积动态 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]