扎龙湿地草甸土壤昆虫群落结构特征  

Structure Characteristics of Soil Insect Community in Meadow of Zhalong Wetland

作　　者：张静[1,2] 马玲[2] 顾伟[2] 陈旭日[2] 马伟[3] 张曼胤[4] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江农业经济职业学院,牡丹江157041 [2]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040 [3]黑龙江中医药大学,哈尔滨150040 [4]中国林业科学研究院,北京100091

出　　处：《林业科学》2014年第7期90-98,共9页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30870394)

摘　　要：采用分层取样法、大类群分类法对扎龙湿地草甸4个样地土壤昆虫群落组成和结构进行调查,共捕获昆虫4 974只,隶属于13目73科(或类群)134种,其中双翅目、鞘翅目和弹尾目昆虫占优势,分别占总数的41.7%,27.1%和16.7%。群落水平结构特征分析表明,育苇场多样性指数和均匀度指数均最高,烟筒屯丰富度指数最大,其中大型土壤昆虫以吐木台3种指数均最高,中小型土壤昆虫以育苇场3种指数均最高,而管理局样地3种指数均表现为最低。聚类分析表明,4个样地分为3类,吐木台样地和育苇场样地群落较为相似,其他各为一类。昆虫群落季节动态分析表明,群落物种数和个体数量7月和9月较多,5月和11月较少,多样性指数和均匀度指数均为7月最高,各样地多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数间均表现为正相关。种-多度分析表明,管理局样地、烟筒屯样地和育苇场样地昆虫群落分布满足对数正态分布,而吐木台样地趋于对数级数分布。Stratified sampling method, macro-group classification method, and statistical method were used to study the community composition and structure of soil insects in seasonal wet meadow in Zhalong wetland. A total of 4 974 insect specimens were collected, which belonged to 13 order 73 families and 134 species. At the level of order, the individual number of Diptera, Coleoptera and Collembola was absolutely dominant （respectively accounting for 41.7% , 27. 1% and 16.7% of the total number of soil insects）. The characteristics of horizontal structure of insect community showed that diversity indexes and evenness index in Yuweichang were maximum, richness index in Yantongtun was maximum, in which diversity index, evenness index and richness index of large soil insects in Tumutai were maximum, while the three index of small and medium-sized soil insects were maximum, and the three index in Guanliju were minimum. Cluster analysis showed that four sample plots were divided into three classes. The insect communities in Tumutai and Yuweichang were more similar, and they shared one class. The other two plots each formed own class. The seasonal dynamic of insect community showed that species and individual number in July and September were relatively more, while those in May and November were less. The diversity index and evenness index in July were the maximum. The correlation analysis of diversity index, evenness index and richness index showed a positive correlation. Species-abundance analysis showed that insect community distribution in Guanliju, Yantongtun and Yuweichang conformed to a logarithmic normal distribution, while the insect community distribution in Tumutai conformed to a logarithmic series distribution.

关 键 词：土壤昆虫 群落结构 聚类分析 种-多度分布 扎龙湿地 

分 类 号：S718.7[农业科学—林学]