上海市闵行区居民家庭饮用水消费结构及卫生状况调查  

Consumption Structure and Sanitary Condition of Drinking Water among Households in Minhang District of Shanghai

作　　者：彭春林[1] 付晔[1] 仓书华[1] 刘继倩[1] 宋驰萍[1] 宫志敏[1] 苏华林[1] 

机构地区：[1]闵行区疾病预防控制中心卫生监测科,上海201101

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2014年第8期614-617,共4页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：上海市闵行区卫生局课题项目(编号:2012MW42)

摘　　要：[目的]了解上海市闵行区居民家庭饮用水消费结构及其卫生状况,为有针对性地开展饮用水卫生监测及监督提供依据。[方法]采用分层抽样方法抽取闵行区的270户居民进行问卷调查,并采集53户居民饮用水水样进行水质检测。[结果]从单一饮水模式看,闵行区居民家庭(以户为单位)饮用水消费结构以市政供水为主(占70%),其次为家用净水器净化水(占18.1%)和瓶(桶)装水(占7.4%),消费较少的为现制现售水(占3.3%)和饮料(1.1%),且此消费结构在不同镇(街道)类型间的差异有统计学意义(χ2=35.073,P<0.001);从复合饮水模式看,闵行区居民家庭饮用水消费结构主要由市政供水(占34.4%)、市政供水与饮料(占31.8%)、净化水与饮料(占9.3%)以及净化水(占8.5%)组成。此外,抽查显示,除市政供水和反渗透家用净水器净化水水样检测指标均合格外,其余类型饮用水水质均存在指标超标的现象,其中,瓶(桶)装饮用水及瓶(桶)装饮用纯净水水样中菌落总数均超标,超标率分别为50.0%和75.0%;一般净水器出水水样中检出菌落总数、总大肠菌群及锌超标,超标率分别为25.0%、10.0%和15.0%;现制现售水水样中细菌总数超标,超标率为25.0%。[结论]闵行区居民饮用水消费结构以市政供水为主,且存在地区差异,应因地制宜地加强瓶(桶)装水、家用净化水及现制现售水的卫生监测与监督。[Objective] To analyze drinking water consumption structure and sanitary condition in Minhang District of Shanghai, and to provide reference for hygiene surveillance and supervision. [Methods] Households（n=270） from Minhang District of Shanghai were recruited by stratified random sampling technique for a questionnaire survey on drinking water consumption structure, and drinking water samples were collected from 53 households and analyzed for hygienic quality. [Results] In the households utilizing single sourced drinking water, the municipal water supply accounted for the largest proportion of drinking water consumption structure（70%）, followed by in-house purifier treated water（18.1%）, bottled or barreled water（7.4%）, water from instant purified water vending stations（3.3%）, and beverage（1.1%）, respectively, and there was a significant difference in drinking water consumption structure among households categorized by type of town neighborhood（χ2=35.073, P 0.001）. In the households utilizing mixed sourced drinking water, the leading compositions of drinking water consumption structure were municipal water supply（34.4%）, municipal water supply and beverage（31.8%）, in-house purifier treated water and beverage（9.3%）, as well as inhouse purifier treated water（8.5%）. Moreover, all water hygiene indices met the corresponding national drinking water safety limits in samples of municipal water supply and reverse osmosis in-house purifier treated water, while at least one hygiene index was found unqualified in other types of drinking water. The unqualified rates of standard plate-count bacteria were 50.0% and 75.0% for bottled/barreled drinking water and bottled/barreled purified water, respectively; the unqualified rates of standard plate-count bacteria, total coliforms, and zinc were 25.0%, 10.0%, and 15.0% respectively for in-house purifier treated water; the unqualified rate of standard plate-count bacteria was 25.0% for the water samples from instant purified water vending

关 键 词：饮用水 消费结构 卫生 居民 家庭 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]