灌水周期对日光温室滴灌番茄耗水量的影响  

Effects of Drip Irrigation Frequency and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Water Consumption of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：赵伟霞[1] 张志云[1,2] 李久生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [2]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2014年第4期1-5,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51179204);中国博士后科学基金特别项目(201104203)

摘　　要：以日光温室滴灌番茄为对象,研究充分供水条件下不同灌水周期对番茄耗水量的影响,并探讨不同土壤水分渗漏下界面深度和土壤水分传感器类型对番茄耗水量估算精度的影响。结果表明,灌水周期对土壤深层渗漏量、番茄总耗水量的影响均未达到显著水平,深层渗漏量占灌水量的13.8%,番茄总耗水量为210.2mm,日平均耗水强度为2.3mm/d。以40cm和60cm作为水分渗漏下界面,深层渗漏量的差异占灌水量的0.9%;相对于60cm界面,基于40cm界面估算的番茄总耗水量偏差率仅为2.1%。基于Trime管与Hydra Probe探头估算的番茄总耗水量的偏差率为0.9%,但二者对番茄不同生育阶段内耗水量的估算值具有较大的偏差。测量作物生育期内耗水量时,以始终基于1种类型土壤水分传感器的测量值为宜,深层渗漏下界面深度以集中80%总根量的土体深度即可。The effects of drip irrigation frequency and nitrogen fertilizer on water consumption of tomato in greenhouse were studied under sufficient irrigation, and the estimation accuracies of water consumption were discussed with different deep percolation interfaces and different types of soil water content sensors. The results indicated that there were no significant influences of irrigation frequency and nitrogen fertilizer on deep percolation and total water consumption. Deep percolation accounted for 13.8% of irrigation amount during tomato growth season. The total water consumption of tomato was 210.2 mm, and the daily mean water consumption rate was 2. 3 mm/d. The deep percolation deviation rale between 40 cm and 60 cm interfaces accounted for 0.9% of irrigation amount, and their tomato total water consumption deviation rate was 2%. The deviation rate between tomato total water consumption estimated by Trime tubes and Hydra Probe sensors was 0. 9%, while there was larger difference at different growing stages. The measurement of water consumption during the crop growing stages should be on the basis of soil water content measured by one type sensor continuously. The measurement of deep percolation might base on the depth where 80% root concentrated.

关 键 词：灌水周期 施氮量 日光温室 番茄 耗水量 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S626[农业科学—园艺学]