基于蒸发皿水面蒸发量优化冬小麦微咸水灌溉制度  

Optimizing Brackish Water Irrigation Program Based on Water Surface Evaporation of A 20cm Standard Pan

作　　者：王相平[1,2] 杨劲松[1,2] 余世鹏[1,2] 刘广明[1] 姚荣江[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院南京分院东台滩涂研究院,江苏东台224200

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2014年第4期6-10,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51109204;41171178;41101199);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2011883);江苏省东台市科技项目(DK2011061);江苏省产学研前瞻性联合研究项目(BY2013062)

摘　　要：为寻求合理的冬小麦微咸水灌溉制度，通过设置4种灌水量水平（0．8E、1．0E、1．2E和1．4E）和2种灌水矿化度（2、3g／L）．研究灌溉制度对土壤盐分动态和冬小麦产量、耗水量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明．冬小麦收获后，各处理土壤剖面盐分均呈表聚累积特征；冬小麦收获后，矿化度2g／L且灌水量小于1．2E和矿化度3g／L。且微咸水灌水量小于等于1．2E时，表层0～20cm土壤有次生盐渍化的危险。矿化度3g／L、灌水量1．4E时，冬小麦收获后表层0～20cm土壤属于轻度盐渍化土壤。灌水量为1．0～1．2E时．2种矿化度的微咸水处理下冬小麦产量和水分利用效率较高。综合考虑，封丘地区微咸水灌溉制度以矿化度2g／L、灌水量为1．2E为宜。A two-year experiment, with four irrigation amounts of 0.8E, 1.0E, 1.2E, 1.4E and two mineralization degrees of 2 g/L, 3 g/L, was conducted to evaluate the effects of different irrigation programs with brackish water on soil salinity, yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the Fengqiu area, China. The results indicated that soil salt was gathered in the top soil in all treatments after harvest of winter wheat. There were the dangers of secondary salinization for 0-20 cm soil when irrigation amount was less than 1.2E with brackish water of 2 g/L, as well as irrigation amount no more than 1. 2E with brackish water of 3 g/L. Soil of 0-20 cm belonged to slight salinized soil under the irrigation amount of 1.4E with brackish water of 3 g/L. The higher crop yield and water use efficiency were both obtained with irrigation amount of 1.0-1.2E regardless of the salinity of irrigation water. Considering crop yield, water use efficiency and soil salinity synthetically, irrigation amount of 1.2E with brackish water of 2 g/L was recommend in Fengqiu area.

关 键 词：微咸水 土壤盐分 水分利用效率 蒸发皿蒸发量 灌溉制度优化 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]