水氮耦合对温室番茄光合特性与产量的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Greenhouse Tomato

作　　者：杨慧[1] 曹红霞[1] 刘世和[1] 柳美玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2014年第4期58-62,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金项目(2012JM3004);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(QN2011022);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201001061)

摘　　要：基于温室番茄桶栽试验，研究了不同水氮处理对番茄结果期叶片光合指标、生物量分配、单株产量、单果质量及果数的影响。结果表明，低水条件下，番茄比叶面积、叶质量比、根质量比、光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率显著降低，但适量增施氮肥能减缓干旱对光合作用的抑制。灌水和施氯对番茄光合指标的作用均表现为：水氮交互作用〉水分作用〉氯素作用。番茄单株产量与单果质量和果数均显著线性正相关，且与光合速率呈二次曲线关系。灌水水平为田间持水率的70％-80％、施氮量为0．36g／kg时，光舍速率较高，且单株产量最高（1586．97g），产量构成因素较好，是较为合理的水氮组合。The pot experiment in greenhouse was conducted to explore the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on leaf photosynthetic characteristics, the biomass allocation, yield per plant, the fruit and fruit number of tomato. The results showed that the severe water deficit reduced the specific leaf area （SLA）, leaf mass fraction （LMF）, root mass fraction （RMF）, net photosynthetic rate（Pn）,stomatal conductance （Gs） and transpiration rate （Tr） significantly, while moderate nitrogen application could weaken the inhibiting effect of drought on photosynthesis of tomato. Both the effects of water and nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics of tomato were that water and nitrogen interactions〉water〉nitrogen. There was a significantly positive correlation between yield per plant with single fruit weight as well as fruit number, while there was a conic relationship between yield per plant with Pn. The N2W2 treatment was the optimal with irrigation level of 70% θf - 80%θf and nitrogen rate level of 0. 36 g/kg, whose yield of 1 586.97 g was the highest, the single fruit weight and fruit number were also higher.

关 键 词：水肥耦合 日光温室 番茄 光合作用 产量 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S626[农业科学—园艺学]