锡林河流域主要作物水分生产率及尺度效应分析  

Analysis of Water Use Efficiency and Scale Effect in Xilin River Basin

作　　者：郑和祥[1] 李和平[1] 程满金 白巴特尔[1] 佟长福[1] 王军[1] 牛海 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100044 [2]内蒙古自治区水利水电科学研究院,呼和浩特010020 [3]鄂尔多斯市工业与城市供水办公室,内蒙古东胜017000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2014年第4期81-85,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项(201001039);水利部科技推广计划项目(TG1202;TG1401);内蒙古自治区新增"四个千万亩"节水灌溉工程科技支撑项目(20121036)

摘　　要：从不同角度揭示水分生产率的影响因素及尺度效应，以锡林河流域为研究对象，分别从田间小尺度和区域中尺度，分析了该流域主要作物水分生产率的变化。结果表明，灌水方式显著影响作物水分生产率，时针式喷灌条件下作物水分生产率比卷盘式喷灌和低压管道灌溉偏高10％以上；小尺度作物水分生产率能较全面的反映某点作物对灌水、降雨和土壤水的利用效率，而灌溉水分生产率可有效地把灌溉管理用水与农业生产相结合，实现灌溉用水的高效性；灌溉水分生产率是作物水分生产率的1．2-1．6倍，说明灌溉对该地区农业生产具有重要意义；区域中尺度水分生产率可较好的反映宏观区域上的水分利用状况，比农田小尺度作物水分生产率偏低约2％-lO％。The changes of crop water use efficiencies of silage maize and potato were analyzed in Xilin River Basin from small scale and medium scale in order to reveal the influencing factors and scale effects of water use efficiency from different aspects. The results showed that irrigation modes significantly affected crop water use efficiency, and crop water use efficiency was ten percent higher than winding sprinkler irrigation and low pressure pipe irrigation. Crop water use efficiency in small scale could comprehensively reflect use efficiencies of irrigation, rainfall and soil water in certain area while irrigation water use efficiency could effectively manage irrigation water for agricultural production with high efficiency of irrigation water. Irrigation water use efficiency was 1.2-1.6 times of crop water use efficiency, which indicated that irrigation was important for agricultural production in the area. Water use efficiency in medium scale could well reflect the status of water use in the macro region and it was 2%-10% lower compared to small scale.

关 键 词：作物水分生产率 灌溉水分生产率 尺度效应 青贮玉米 土豆 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]