不同覆盖及耕作方式对玉米生长和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Different Covers and Cropping Patterns on Maize Growth,Yield and Water Use Efficiency

作　　者：孔维萍[1] 成自勇[1] 张芮[1] 梁仲锷[2] 周宏[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学工学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省水利科学研究院,兰州730000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2014年第4期103-106,共4页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

摘　　要：以露地种植为对照（CK），研究全膜双垄沟播（FFP）、平地顶凌全膜覆盖（FWP）和平地麦草覆盖（SCP）4种耕作模式对土壤水分、玉米生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，在玉米生育期内，FFP、FWP和SCP处理均可提高O～80cm土层土壤贮水量。FFP保水效应使玉米株高、叶面积及地上生物量均显著高于CK。较CK相比，FFP、FWP和SCP处理的籽粒产量分别提高146．2％、83．1％和29．1％，水分利用效率分别提高162．3％、58．7％和44．9％。可见，全膜双垄沟播耕作方式可明显改善土壤的水分状况，促进玉米生长，从而显著提高作物产量和水分利用效率。The effects on soil water and the maize growth, yield, and water use efficiency in dry land were studied with 4 different treatments, including full mulching on double ridges and planting in furrows in early spring （FFP）, flat planting with whole plastic in early spring （FEP）, straw mulching （SCP） and traditional tillage patterns without mulching （CK）. The results showed that soil water storage （0-80 cm） was significantly higher under FFP, FWP and SCP treatments compared with CK during the all growth stage. Owing to good water retention of the FFP treatment, the plant height, leaf area and aboveground biomass significantly increased compared with CK. Meanwhile, the maize yields of FFP, FWP and SCP treatments increased by 146.2%, 83.1% and 29. 1%, water use efficiency increased by 162.3%, 58.7% and 44.9% compared to CK, respectively. Therefore, full mulching on double ridges and planting in furrows greatly improved the soil water status and promoted maize growth, thus significantly increased the crop yield and water use efficiency.

关 键 词：耕作方式 玉米生长 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]