交替控水条件下微润灌溉对番茄耗水和产量的影响  

Responses of Tomato Water Consumption and Yield to Moistube Irrigation under Controlled Alternate Partial Root-zone Irrigation

作　　者：魏镇华[1] 陈庚[1] 徐淑君[1] 杜太生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京10083

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2014年第4期139-143,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51222905);国家863计划课题(2011AA100505);教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"项目(NCET-11-0479)

摘　　要：为了探明微润灌溉在西北干旱区对作物生长的适用性，将交替灌溉和微润灌溉相结合，研究了不同水分交替时间间隔的交替微润灌溉对番茄耗水和产量的调控效应。结果表明，微润灌溉条件下番茄根系环绕着微润管，主要集中在O～30cm土层。与常规微润灌溉相比，间隔2d交替控水的微润灌溉明显刺激了番茄根系吸收的补偿效应,增强了吸收土壤水的能力，根冠比提高了12．86％，且在不显著减少果实产量的前提下,耗水量减少了11．6％，水分利用效率提高了28．76％。交替控水条件下微润灌溉可实现根区实时高效供水，并保持土壤适度水势差，减少无效水分消耗，是田间实施根系分区交替灌溉的可行方式之一。In order to explore the feasibility of moistube irrigation to crop growth in arid region of Northwest China, the responses of tomato water consumption and yield to moistube irrigation were studied under controlled alternate partial root-zone irrigation with different alternate watering intervals through combining alternate partial root-zone irrigation and moistube irrigation. The results indicated that the roots enclosed the moistube, mainly concentrating in 0-30 cm soil under moistube irrigation. Compared with conventional moistube irrigation, the moistube irrigation with alternate watering interval of 2 d stimulated compensating effect of tomato root absorbency significantly, enhanced the ability of absorbing soil water and improved the ratio between root and shoot by 12.86%. Meanwhile, in the premise of no reducing the fruit yield significantly, water consumption decreased by 11.60% and water use efficiency was improved by 28.76% under moistube irrigation with alternate watering interval of 2 d. In conclusion, the moistube irrigation of alternate watering is one of feasible ways to implement alternate partial root-zone irrigation in the field, which could realize goal of supplying real-time water effectively in root zone, keep moderate difference of soil water potential and reduce invalid water consumption.

关 键 词：微润灌溉 根系分区交替灌溉 耗水 产量 番茄 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]