不同土壤改良剂对滨海盐碱地棉苗光合特性及生长的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Amendments on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Growth of Cotton Seedlings in Coastal Saline Area

作　　者：冯国艺[1] 张谦[1] 林永增[1] 祁虹[1] 李智峰[1] 王树林[1] 王志忠[1] 刘金潭 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院棉花研究所/农业部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,河北石家庄050051 [2]河北省海兴县国营海兴农场,河北沧州061200

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2014年第7期38-42,51,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD05B05);河北省农业科技创新人才队伍建设项目(2013055004);河北省现代农业产业体系棉花创新团队建设项目

摘　　要：为探讨不同土壤改良剂对盐碱地棉花苗期光合特性及生长的影响,在滨海重度盐碱地棉田增施土壤改良剂沸石（FS）、石膏（SG）、生化制剂康地宝（KDB）,测定棉花苗期叶面积指数（LAI）、光合特性、叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）以及干物质积累和分配情况,并对苗期0～40cm土壤含盐量、含水率、土壤容重和pH值进行分层测定。结果表明,与无任何改良措施的对照（CK）相比,FS处理各土层含盐量均降至2.00g/kg左右;SG处理各土层土壤容重降至1.12～1.45g/cm3;KDB处理各土层含水率无明显降低,pH值下降至8.0以下。3个处理棉苗总干物质积累量增大15.6%～35.6%,叶片NPQ降低了7.3%～16.7%;FS处理下叶片LAI、干质量和光合参数分别增高59.3%、36.7%和31.8%～75.4%;SG处理根冠比增大78.6%;KDB处理SPAD值和Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、ΦPSⅡ、ETR、qP等参数分别增高21.9%和7.8%～55.5%。3种土壤改良剂均能明显改善滨海盐碱地棉苗光合特性及生长,但其影响方式不同：沸石显著降低了土壤含盐量,改善了叶片光合特性并促进其生长;石膏显著降低了土壤容重,提高了根冠比;康地宝有效保持了土壤水分并明显降低pH值,增加了叶片叶绿素含量并优化了叶绿素荧光参数。To investigate the effects of different soil amendments on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of cotton seedling in coastal saline area,zeolite,gypsum,and Kangdibao（a biochemical reagent）were added in heavy saline soil,and the leaf area index（LAI）,photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll relative content（SPAD）and dry matter accumulation and distribution of cotton were measured in seedling stage.The salt content,moisture content,bulk density and pH value of 0-40 cm depth soil were also measured hierarchically.The main results were as follows：Compared with the control group without amendment（CK）,in each soil layer,the salt content reduced to about 2.00g/kg under zeolite treatment,the bulk density reduced to about 1.12-1.45g/cm3 under gypsum treatment,the moisture content reduced insignificantly and the soil pH value was below 8.0under Kangdibao treatment.The dry matter of cotton seedling increased by 15.6%-35.6%,and the NPQ of cotton leaf reduced by 7.3%-16.7%in this three treatments.LAI,dry matter and photosynthetic parameters of leaf increased respectively by 59.3%,36.7% and 31.8%-75.4% under zeolite treatment.The root-shoot ratio of cotton seedling increased by 78.6% under gypsum treatment.The SPAD and parameters including Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,ΦPSⅡ,ETR,qP of cotton seedling leaf increased respectively by 21.9% and 7.8%-55.5% under Kangdibao treatment.The photosynthetic characteristics and growth of cotton seedlings were improved significantly by three soil amendments in coastal saline area,but there were different influence ways by each soil amendment.The growth and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton were improved by reducing the soil salt content under the zeolite treatment.The root-shoot ratio of cotton seedling was enhanced by reducing the soil bulk density significantly under the gypsum treatment.The chlorophyll content of leaf was increased and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaf were optimized by maintaining the soil moisture and reducing the pH value significantl

关 键 词：棉花 滨海盐碱地 光合特性 土壤改良剂 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]