南方茶园红壤施用PAM对土壤理化性质和茶叶安全的影响  

Effects of PAM application on soil physicochemical properties and tea safety in red soil tea garden of southern China

作　　者：王玺洋 黄炎和[1] 林金石[1] 葛宏力[1] 蒋芳市[1] 朱高立 李洪康[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2014年第5期785-790,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41001169;40671113);国家科技支撑项目(2014BAD15B03)

摘　　要：传统的水土保持措施在坡地茶园上应用比较困难,而利用聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）来防治茶园土壤侵蚀的适宜性还有待研究。因此,在铁观音（Camellia sinensis）茶园设置6个不同PAM施用量的小区（0、2、4、6、8、10 g·m-2）,并采集春、夏、秋3个收获季节的土壤和茶叶样品,通过分析茶园土壤理化性质和茶叶中丙烯酰胺残留来评价PAM对土壤理化性质和茶叶安全品质的影响。结果表明：与对照小区相比,土壤容重在低PAM施用浓度小区中发生降低,土壤有机质在不同季节的各PAM处理之间差异不显著,而土壤速效磷、碱解氮和速效钾在3个收获季节中的流失下降明显,其中施用2 g·m-2 PAM的小区其土壤速效磷、碱解氮和速效钾含量最高。每个PAM处理的茶叶样品和土壤样品中单体丙烯酰胺的残留量分别为0.011~0.095μg·L-1和0.008~0.036μg·L-1,均远低于丙烯酰胺安全限值0.5μg·L-1。文章认为红壤茶园施用PAM不仅可以保持土壤肥力,而且对茶叶生产也是安全的。施用PAM是一种适宜的防治红壤茶园土壤侵蚀的水保措施,且最佳用量为2 g·m-2。It’s hard to apply traditional measures to control soil and water loss in sloping tea garden. However, the suitability of using PAM to control soil erosion in tea garden needs further study. In this research, the soil samples and the tea leaves were been collected in harvesting seasons （spring, summer and autumn）, after different content of PAM （0,2,4,6,8,10 g·m-2） were applied inCamellia Sinensis tea garden. The effects of PAM on soil properties and tea safety were evaluated through analyzing the soil physicochemical properties and the AMD （monomer for PAM） residue in tea leaf. Results showed that the soil bulk density decreased in lower rates PAM application plots. Compared with the control plot, there is no significant difference of soil organic matter in different seasons of each treatment. However, the loss of soil available phosphorus （AP）, available nitrogen （AN） and available potassium （AK） significantly declined in three harvesting seasons, and the plot applied 2 g·m-2 showed the highest level of AP, AN and AK. The ranges of residual AMD content in each treatments’ tea and soil samples were 0.011-0.095μg·L-1 and 0.008-0.036μg·L-1, respectively. They are much lower than the safety limit （0.5μg？L-1） of AMD. Consider using PAM can sustain soil fertility and it’s also safe for tea production. Therefore, applying PAM is a suitable measurement to control red tea garden’s soil erosion, and optimal PAM application rate is 2 g·m^-2.

关 键 词：PAM 土壤肥力 AMD残留 土壤环境 茶叶安全 

分 类 号：S124.2[农业科学—农业基础科学] S157.1