光照对昼夜节律与警觉度的影响  

Influence of light on circadian rhythm and alertness

作　　者：董栩然 王旻舒 刘梦媛[1] 王薇[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院,北京100191

出　　处：《科学通报》2014年第23期2253-2259,共7页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：近年研究发现,光照可以显著影响人类健康.光敏感视网膜神经节细胞的发现将研究者的关注点从传统的视觉信息传导通路转移至非自觉视觉信息传导通路——即将光照信息传递到非形觉相关的大脑功能区,如下丘脑视交叉上核,进而调解昼夜节律、神经内分泌等生理功能.这条通路生理功能的发挥与光照强度、性质、时间等有着密切联系.年龄相关性因素对实际入眼光照产生各方面的影响.随着不断深入研究光照对下丘脑视交叉上核昼夜节律调节作用,学者开始关注光照对警觉度的影响.我们根据国内外最新研究进展及课题组的研究成果:(1)对比了传统的自觉视觉信息传导通路与非自觉视觉信息传导通路,总结了下丘脑视交叉上核在哺乳类动物生理及行为节律调控中的重要作用;(2)汇总了光照强度、作用时间、波段等因素对非自觉视觉信息传导通路功能的影响——调解昼夜节律、认知功能、警觉度;(3)分析了老龄化群体入眼光照减少的原因、产生的后果、以及白内障摘除手术的益处;(4)总结了脑电图技术作为一种评价警觉度的指标如何客观地反映光照对非自觉视觉信息传导通路的调解作用.In addition to the role in vision, light also strongly affect human health and well-being. The recent discovery of photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells （pRGCs） provides information on how the non-visual brain centers exert functional control over the circadian and neuroendocrine responses, It is found that light exposure could photoreception of pRGCs due to age-related influences, which may influence the signals＇ timing and amplitude. Aging limits the aggravate variety of common age-associated problems. Extensive research has not only been focused on the effects of light on circadian rhythms but also the subsequent interaction with alertness. In this review, （1） the visual and non-visual pathways were compared and the suprachiasmatie, nuclei （SCN）＇s control over physiological rhythms are summarized; （2） the mechanisms on how circadian rhythms, cognition and alertness influenced by the amplitude, timing and duration of light are analyzed; （3） the effects of ocular aging and cataract surgery on circadian photoreception are summarized; （4） the application of electroencephalogram as an effective way to evaluate alertness are also reviewed.

关 键 词：光照 昼夜节律 老龄化 白内障 脑电图 警觉度 

分 类 号：R33[医药卫生—人体生理学] Q418[医药卫生—基础医学]