3720例刑事责任能力鉴定案例分析  

Analysis of 3720 Criminal Responsibility Assessment Cases

作　　者：吕盼[1] 刘建梅[1] 胡峻梅[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院法医精神病教研室,成都610041 [2]中国政法大学证据科学教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《华西医学》2014年第8期1525-1530,共6页West China Medical Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81072513);证据科学教育部重点实验室开放基金(2011KFKT02)~~

摘　　要：目的探讨司法精神鉴定中刑事责任能力鉴定案件的特征,为指导司法精神鉴定实践、预防及减少精神障碍患者的违法行为提供参考依据。方法采用自编资料调查表对四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院法医精神病学教研室1997年1月-2011年12月鉴定的3 720例刑事案件的资料进行收集,对其人口学资料、犯罪学特征、鉴定诊断和责任能力等进行分析。结果 3 720例刑事案件中,男性占86.3%,18～45岁者占81.2%,已婚及再婚者占45.3%,初中及以下文化者占85.4%,农民及无业者占86.6%。鉴定诊断前3位分别是精神分裂症（46.7%）、无精神病（13.8%）和精神发育迟滞（9.6%）;所涉嫌的案件类型中,杀人42.7%,故意伤害21.5%,强奸/猥亵8.1%;被鉴定为无刑事责任能力占43.4%,完全刑事责任能力占31.5%。Spearman秩相关发现各年份案例总数与年份间呈正相关（rS=0.94,P=0.00）,毒品所致精神障碍所占比例与年份间呈正相关（rS=0.84,P=0.00）,精神发育迟滞所占比例与年份间呈正相关（rS=0.72,P=0.00）。结论司法精神鉴定中刑事案件数呈现逐年增长。被鉴定人以中青年男性、文化程度较低的农民及无业人员为主。鉴定诊断前3位依次为精神分裂症、无精神疾病、精神发育迟滞。Objective To explore the characteristics of the criminal cases assessed by forensic psychiatry expertise in order to provide evidence for guiding forensic psychiatric practice, preventing and reducing criminal acts of patients with mental disorders. Methods We collected information of 3 720 criminal cases assessed in Forensic Psychiatry Department of Sichuan University, China from January 1997 to December 2011 by using the self-made questionnaire, and analyzed the demographic data, criminological characteristics and expert consensus of psychiatric diagnosis and legal ability. Results Out of 3 720 criminal cases, 3 211（86.3%） were male, and 3 022（81.2%） were between 18 and 45 years old. A total of 1 683（45.3%） were married or remarried. A total of 3 178（85.4%） were under junior middle school, and 3 221（86.6%） were farmer or unemployed. Schizophrenia（46.7%）, without psychosis（13.8%）, mental retardation（9.6%） were the top three kinds of diagnosis. Homicide（42.7%）, intentional injury（21.5%） and rape/indecency（8.1%） were the main crimes. A total of 1 616（43.4%） were irresponsible, and 1 172（31.5%） were with full responsibility. There was a significant correlation between the number of criminal cases in every year and years（rS=0.94,P=0.00）, and significant correlation was also found between the percentage of mental disorder caused by drugs and years（rS=0.84,P=0.00）, as well as the percentage of mental retardation and years（rS=0.72,P=0.00）. Conclusions The number of cases shows an increasing trend in forensic psychiatry assessment over years. Most of the suspects of criminal responsibility are young and middle-aged male with low level of education, farmer or unemployed. The top three diagnoses are schizophrenia, without psychosis and mental retardation.

关 键 词：司法精神鉴定 刑事案件 刑事责任能力 

分 类 号：D919[医药卫生—法医学] D924.3[政治法律—法学]