福州地区8261例变应性鼻炎患者皮肤点刺试验结果分析  

Analysis of allergens characteristic in 8 261 patients with allergic rhinitis in Fuzhou area

作　　者：郑昊[1,2] 李瑞玉[1,2] 林碧玉[1,2] 陈洪[1,2] 黄少鹏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学省立临床医学院 [2]福建省立医院耳鼻喉科,福州350001

出　　处：《福建医药杂志》2014年第4期74-76,共3页Fujian Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的了解福州地区近5年来变应性鼻炎（AR）患者的变应原分布特点,为AR的防治提供临床参考。方法分析2008年4月至2013年2月就诊我院的AR患者进行皮肤点刺试验（SPT）的结果,分析变应原的阳性率及其在不同年龄组分布的差异。结果 8 261例患者中,SPT阳性率为79.11%,粉尘螨和户尘螨是主要变应原;对尘螨过敏的AR患者中,92.98%的患者对粉尘螨和户尘螨同时过敏;海虾是主要的食入性变应原;19~35岁组患者变应原阳性率、吸入性变应原及食入性变应原的阳性率最高,其次是7~18岁组,但两个年龄组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;≥36岁组患者总阳性率、吸入性变应原阳性率均最低;≤6岁组患者食入性变应原阳性率最低;除7~18岁和19~35岁两组间外,4个不同年龄组间两两比较,变应原总阳性率、吸入性变应原阳性率及食入性变应原阳性率的差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.01）。结论尘螨是福州地区主要的变应原,且多数患者同时对粉尘螨和户尘螨过敏,SPT阳性率随年龄的增长先升高后降低。Objective To determine the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis （AR） during the past five years in Fuzhou area, and provide clinical reference for management strategies with regional character. Methods The medi cal records of skin prick test （SPT） from April 2008 to February 2013 were retrospectively analyzed, and the positive rate of different allergens and changing trends in different ages were compared. Results Among 8 261 individuals, the total positive rate of SPT was 79. 11%, dermatophagoides farinae and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were the most important allergens; 92.98% of AR patients with dust mite allergy were allergic to dermatophagoides farinae and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus at the same time; Brine Shrimp was the main ingested allergens; the each positive rate of allergens, inhalant allergens and ingested allergens in group of 19 35 years old AR patients was the highest, the second was the group of 7-18 years old; but there were no significant difference between the two groups （P）0.05）. The positive rate of allergens and inhalant allergens in group of ≥36 years old were both the lowest and the positive rate of ingested allergens in group of ≤six years old was the lowest. Except for the groups of 7-18 years and 19-35 years old, pairwise comparisons of the each positive rate of allergens, inhalant allergens and ingested allergens in four groups of different age had significant differences （all P〈0.01）. Conclusion Dust mites are identi- fied as the most common allergens among patients with AR during the past five years in Fuzhou area, and most AR patients are allergic to dermatophagoides farinae and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus at the same time. The positive rate of SPT increases first and then decreases along with the increasing ages.

关 键 词：变应性鼻炎 皮肤点刺试验 变应原 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科] R446.1[医药卫生—临床医学]