分离的国际化及其演进：南奥塞梯和乌克兰东部地区分离情势之比较  

The Internationalization of Separation and Its Evolution: Comparison of Separation in South Ossetia and Eastern Ukraine

作　　者：孙超[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院2014级博士研究生

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2014年第3期106-137,共32页Russian Studies

摘　　要：自乌克兰危机爆发以来,乌克兰东部地区是否可能发生分离成为当前学术探讨的焦点。将当前乌克兰东部与格鲁吉亚南奥塞梯的分离进行比照,发现两者都有分离国际化的风险。与乌克兰不同的是,南奥塞梯的分离风险更加难以控制。作为未被承认的政治实体,南奥塞梯不仅牵涉到国内民族问题,更牵涉到国际伦理规范和国际关系理论等诸多问题。南奥塞梯分离国际化带来两大影响:1、大国势力介入,民族问题难以解决;2、建构式的分离策略以及系统分离情境的建立使得分离问题难以彻底解决,分离将作为南奥塞梯政治现实而长期存在。而乌克兰东部地区的分离由于:1、大国势力介入有限,国际力量难以直接参与;2、建构式和系统式分离文化难以迅速形成,没有分离的历史经验和技术手段供分离势力参照,乌克兰东部地区的分离风险可能得到乌克兰政府的有效控制。Since the outbreak of the crisis in Ukraine, whether Eastern Ukraine will separate has become the focus of current academic discussion. Comparing current separation issues in Eastern Ukraine and South Ossetia in Georgia, we will find both exist the risks of internationalization in separation. Unlike in Ukraine, the risk of separation in South Ossetia is more difficult to control. As an unrecognized political entity, South Ossetia not only deals with domestic ethnic problems, but also relates to international ethical norms and international relation theories. Due to the internationalization of separation in South Ossetia, there are two effects. First, it is hard to solve ethnic problems because of involvement of great powers. Second, the constructivist strategies of separation and the establishment of systematic scenarios of separation make it hard to solve separation issues completely. Separation will exist as longstanding political status quo. Meanwhile, the separation of Eastern Ukraine will be influenced by the following two factors. First, there is limited intervention of great powers and it is difficult for international forces to be directly involved. Second, it is hard to quickly shape constructivist and systematic culture in separation, in addition to lacking historical experience and technical means in separation. Risk of separation in Eastern Ukraine may get effectively controlled by the Ukrainian government for a long term.

关 键 词：分离比较 国际化 乌克兰东部 南奥赛梯 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]