不同抗性水平水稻品种对纹枯病菌毒素的防卫反应与生理差异  

Defense Response and Physiological Difference of Rice Cultivars with Different Sheath Blight Resistance Levels to the Toxins Produced by Rhizoctonia solani

作　　者：左示敏 陈夕军[1,2] 陈红旗[3] 徐艳[2] 张家豪[2] 陈羽[2] 陈宗祥 童蕴慧[2] 徐敬友[2] 潘学彪 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省植物功能基因组学重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009 [3]中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州310006

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2014年第5期551-558,共8页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：江苏省植物功能基因组学重点实验室项目(K13004);转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2014ZX08001003B);江苏省自主创新资金资助项目[CX(12)1003]

摘　　要：毒素是水稻纹枯病菌(立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA)的重要致病因子。研究水稻对毒素的抗性反应、耐受性与对纹枯病菌的抗性间的关系,可为利用毒素快速筛选、鉴定水稻品种的抗病性提供参考依据。研究显示,经乙醚萃取、硅胶柱层析获得的纹枯病菌毒素可显著抑制水稻胚根伸长、诱导典型的纹枯病水渍斑,具有明显生物学活性;以一定浓度的毒素处理水稻植株,可诱导寄主体内过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和超氧化物歧化酶等防御酶活性升高,且速度或程度与品种抗性水平有关,抗病品种的酶活明显高于感病品种。水稻品种对纹枯病的抗性越强,毒素对其胚根伸长抑制率、细胞膜损伤率和磷素外渗率就越低。毒素活性在长时间光照、高温、强酸、强碱和强氧化性化合物如高锰酸钾中明显下降。Toxins produced by rice sheath blight （SB ） pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA, are important pathogenicity or virulence factors.It is important to investigate the rice response to the toxin and the correlation between the rice cultivar’s sensitivity to the toxin and susceptibility to the pathogen,which can provide an alternative way for quick selection and identification of resistant cultivars to SB by using SB-toxin.The SB-toxin,extracted by ether and silica gel column chromatography,were biologically active and could inhibit radicle growth of rice seeds and induce typical water-soaked SB-like symptom.After the treatment of SB-toxin at appropriate concentrations,the activities of rice defense enzymes,peroxidase,polyphenol oxidase,phenylalanine ammonia lyase,and superoxide dismutase,were quickly induced with faster rates in SB resistant cultivars than those in susceptible cultivars.The cultivars with higher SB resistance generally presented lower inhibition ratio of radicle growth and fewer ratios of damaged membrane and phosphorous effusion by SB-toxin.The biological activity of SB-toxin dedined under long-time illumination,high temperature and strong acid or alkali treatments, especially under the treatment of oxidative compound such as potassium permanganate.

关 键 词：水稻 纹枯病菌 毒素 敏感性 抗性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]