基于奥米亚棕蝇听觉定向机制声定位系统仿生学设计  

Bionic design of acoustic localization system based on the auditory orientation mechanisms of Ormia fly

作　　者：杨铭[1,2] 朱鑫磊[1,2] 张雅琼[1,2] 塔娜[1,2] 饶柱石[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学振动冲击噪声研究所,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学机械系统与振动国家重点实验室,上海200240

出　　处：《中国科技论文》2014年第8期870-873,共4页China Sciencepaper

基　　金：机械系统与振动国家重点实验室基金资助项目(MSVZD201103);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20100073110033)

摘　　要：在研究奥米亚棕蝇定位机制的基础上,首先运用传递函数方法设计了一种仿生三维声定位电学装置,为此搭建了4种电路原型,电路原型由测量单元与耦合单元组成,最后讨论并优化了与提高灵敏度相关的参数。理论分析和仿真结果表明,所设计的声定位电学装置与其他装置相比,具有尺寸小、定位精度高等优点,可为进一步研究奥米亚棕蝇这种精确感知声源的能力及其对波达角的高精度定位应用提供参考。Ormia ochracea has acute directional hearing capability to localize concerned sound sources precisely, and the ability is proved to be related to couple auditory system. An analogy was drawn between the auditory system of ormia ochracea and an elec- trically small antenna array. The array enhanced sensitivity to the direction of incident wave was demonstrated through the com- parison of regular arrays with the same size. An electrically small antenna array in three^dimensional space was designed with transfer functions. Four fabricated prototypes of sound source locator were presented, which consisted of measure units and couple units. The parameters involved in achieving enhanced sensitivity were discussed and optimized. Theoretical and simulation results show that this acoustic localization system has advantage of both small size and high precision over other methods. A kind of parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea, has acute directional capabilities and is able to localize sound sources with an amazing degree of precision.

关 键 词：声定位 电路设计 机电类比 

分 类 号：TB52[理学—物理] TB17[理学—声学]