周日、半日地球自转变化研究进展  

Progress in Research on Diurnal and Semidiurnal Earth Rotation Change

作　　者：许雪晴[1,2,3] 董大南[2] 周永宏[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030 [2]华东师范大学信息科学技术学院,上海200241 [3]中国科学院行星科学重点实验室,上海200030

出　　处：《天文学进展》2014年第3期338-347,共10页Progress In Astronomy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11303073;11373017;11373057);上海市科学技术委员会(06DZ22101)

摘　　要：主要介绍了周日、半日地球自转变化研究进展。首先介绍了周日、半日地球自转变化的研究发展历程以及主要激发因素,近几十年来,由于GPS、VLBI、SLR等观测技术和分析精度的提高,已能用几小时甚至1～2 h的观测数据求解地球自转参数(极移和自转速率变化),并从中检测到明显的周日、半日自转变化。与海潮模型所预测的结果进行比较,在主要的周日、半日潮波频率上,两者的振幅和相位符合得较好,特别是对UT1,符合度为90%左右,极移为60%左右。目前,仍有30%的极移周日、半日激发因素没有确定。然后对20世纪80年代以来关于极移和UT 1的周日、半日变化研究应用,以及不同的全球海潮改正模型作了较为全面的综述,现有的海潮改正模型存在10%～20%的误差,需要进一步的精化。最后对周日、半日地球自转变化的未来研究工作作了简单的展望。We mainly focus on the progress of research on high frequency changes in the earth rotation. Firstly, we review the development course and main motivating factors of the diurnal and semidiurnal earth rotation change. In recent decades, earth orientation has been monitored with increasing accuracy by advanced space-geodetic techniques, including lunar and satellite laser ranging, very long baseline interferometry and the global positioning system. We are able to obtain the Earth Rotation Parameters（ERP, polar motion and rotation rate changes） by even 1 to 2 hours observation data, form which obvious diurnal and semidiurnal signals can be detected, and compare them with the predicted results by the ocean model. Both the amplitude and phase are in good agreement in the main diurnal and semidiurnal wave frequency, especially for the UT 1, whose compliance is 90%, and 60% for polar motion, there are 30% motivating factor of the diurnal and semidiurnal polar motion have not been identified. Then we comprehensively review the different types of global ocean tidal correction models since the 1980 s, as well as the application research on diurnal and semidiurnal polar motion and UT 1, the current ocean tidal correction models have 10% to20% uncertainty, and need for further refinement. Finally, the future work of the diurnal and semidiurnal earth rotation are briefly discussed.

关 键 词：地球自转 周日、半日变化 日长变化 极移 海潮改正模型 

分 类 号：P183.3[天文地球—天文学]