新型疏水性高吸油软质聚氨酯泡沫的制备及其吸油性能  被引量:7

Preparation of a Novel Hydrophobic Polyurethane Foam and its Oil Adsorption Properties

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作  者:李彦敏[1] 刘晓宁[1] 徐炎华[2] 魏荣卿[1] 郑涛[1] 

机构地区:[1]南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院,江苏南京211816 [2]南京工业大学环境学院,江苏南京211816

出  处:《高校化学工程学报》2014年第4期837-843,共7页Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities

基  金:国家高技术研究发展专项经费资助("863"项目)(2012AA0212;2007AA06A402)

摘  要:以甘油或水引发合成新型疏水性聚四氢呋喃三醇(PTHF-T)或聚四氢呋喃二醇(PTHF-G/PTMG),并和聚氧化丙烯三醇(PPO-T)与甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)反应,合成一种疏水性高吸油软质聚氨酯泡沫(PU)。研究聚四氢呋喃用量、官能度、分子量(Mw)等对PU吸油率的影响,考察该材料对多种油品的吸附性能,并探讨材料在震荡混合的甲苯水体系中对甲苯的选择吸附能力。结果表明,当PU的原料配比为PTHF-T(Mw≈4400):PPO-T(Mw≈4400):三乙烯二胺:辛酸亚锡:泡沫稳定剂:三乙醇胺:水:TDI=15:85:0.80:0.24:1.50:2.40:5.00:40(质量比)时,制得的疏水性高吸油软质PU材料吸油性能最佳。该材料可快速吸油,3 min内即可达到平衡,其对油品的吸油率(g·g-1)分别为:四氯化碳69.1、二甲苯51.1、甲苯50.5、乙醇41.0、柴油29.8;在震荡混合的甲苯-水体系中对甲苯的吸油率与在纯甲苯体系的相当,为51.0 g·g-1左右,且重复使用8次后,材料吸油率仍未改变。因此该材料可有效、快速地用于水面溢油的回收和溢油事故处理。Hydrophobic polyurethane foam (PU) with high oil absorption capacity was synthesized. Poly-(tetrahydrofuran triol) (PTHF-T) and poly-(tetrahydrofuran glycol) (PTHF-G/PTMG) were first synthesized using glycerin or water as the initiator, and one of the synthesized materials was reacted with polyether polyol (PPO-T) and toluenediisocyanate (TDI) to prepared the PU foam. The effects of raw material ratio, degree of functionality and molecular weight (Mw) of polytetrahydrofuran on oil adsorption capacity, and the toluene selective absorption ability in a toluene-water system were investigated. The results show that the optimal raw material ratio for the best oil absorption is m (PTHF-T): m (PPO-T): m (triethylenediamine): m (stannous octoate): m (foam stabilizer): m (triethanolamine): m (deionized water): m (TDI) = 15: 85: 0.8: 0.24: 1.5: 2.4: 5.0:40 (the molecular weight of PTHF-T and PPO-T are about 4400). The oil absorption capacity can reach up to 69.1 g.g^-l for carbon tetrachloride, 51.1 g.gl for dimethylbenzene, 50.5 g.g^-1 for toluene, 41.0 g.g^-1 for ethanol and 29.8 g.g^-1 for diesel oil. In toluene-water system, the selective oil absorption capacity is 51.0 g.g^-1 for toluene, which is equal to that in the pure toluene system. There is no change on the oil absorption capacity when the material is used repeatedly for 8 times. Therefore, the polyurethane foam can be used for oil spill recovery treatments.

关 键 词:聚四氢呋喃三醇 聚四氢呋喃二醇 疏水性高吸油聚氨酯泡沫 溢油事故处理 

分 类 号:TQ328.1[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]

 

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