上海市原南汇地区小学生近视状况及其影响因素分析  

Analysis on myopia status and influence factors of Nanhui pupils in Shanghai City

作　　者：周伟 张一飞[2] 刘成军 冯学山[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海市浦东新区眼病牙病防治所,201399 [2]复旦大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2014年第7期1042-1044,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：上海市浦东新区科委科技发展基金资助项目(PKJ2012-Y34)

摘　　要：目的了解上海市原南汇地区小学生视力状况及其影响因素,为小学生视力保健工作的开展提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样调查方法,对3 385名上海市原南汇地区一~五年级小学生进行视力检查,并发放问卷进行相关因素调查。结果学生近视率为60.3%,其中中度近视为42.7%。女生近视率（63.1%）高于男生（57.6%）。小学生近视率随着年级的升高而呈现增高趋势（χ2=370.5,P〈0.01）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,学龄前健康状况、学习压力、读写姿势、母亲视力以及照明光源是小学生近视发展的影响因素（P值均〈0.05）。结论小学生近视率随着年级与学习压力的增加而上升。学校需重点关注高年级学生,且需将视力预防保健工作前移,动员家长积极主动配合并参与儿童正确读写姿势的培养,构筑家庭、学校、社会三位一体的视力预防保健体系。Objective To learn the myopia status and the influencing factors of Nanhui pupils, and to provide scientific basis for vision care in primary schools. Methods Using cluster sampling method to examine pupils sight from grade one to grade ilve, and to investigate related factors through questionnaires by their parents. Results Students myopia prevalence was 60.3%, which accounted for 42.7% was moderate myopia. Female student myopia prevalence （63.1%） was higher than men students （57.6%） .With the rising grades, it showed a gradual increase in myopia（X2 =370.5 ,P〈0.01 ）.Health status in preschool period, academic pressure , reading and writing posture, mother＇s sight and lighting were the developing factors of pupils myopia. Conclusion Pupils myopia prevalence increased with grades and academic pressure. School should lay emphasis on higher grade, female students as the main object of attention, so that the preventive vision health care would take forward. Parents are encouraged to participate in fostering the correct reading and writing posture, build a family, school, social Trinity preventive vision care system.

关 键 词：近视 因素分析 统计学 学生 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学] R778.11[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]