上海市宝山区2010—2012年学校聚集性传染病疫情分析  

Clustering pattern of communicable diseases among schools in Baoshan District in Shanghai during 2010-2012

作　　者：郑康杰[1] 李明珠[1] 蒋惠芬[1] 吴晓琳[1] 施伶俐[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市宝山区疾病预防控制中心,上海201901

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2014年第7期1056-1058,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：上海市宝山区科技发展基金项目(11-E-34)

摘　　要：目的了解学校聚集性传染病疫情的流行病学规律,为开展学校传染病防控工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对上海市宝山区2010—2012年学校传染病疫情资料进行整理分析。结果 3 a间共发生学校聚集性传染病疫情197起,发生较多的依次是水痘（139起,占70.56%）、急性出血性结膜炎（36起,占18.27%）和手足口病（17起,占8.63%）。除7、8月份外（学校放暑假）,全年其他月份均有学校聚集性传染病疫情发生。各社区发生疫情学校占学校总数百分比介于9.52%-40.00%,差异无统计学意义（χ2=11.50,P〉0.05）。小学、中学平均每年发生疫情学校数占学校总数分别为40.74%、30.46%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.74,P〈0.05）;平均每年发生疫情学校占学校总数的比例,公办学校为35.69%,外来务工人员子弟学校为36.67%,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.02,P〉0.05）。少数学校存在疫情频发现象。结论学校聚集性传染病疫情随传染病种类不同存在时间集聚特点,小学发生聚集性传染病疫情风险较中学高,应针对性开展防控工作。Objective To investigate the clustering pattern of communicable diseases among schools to provide evidence for effective prevention strategies.Methods Routine communicable disease school surveillance data of Baoshan District from 2010 to 2012 were used to analyze the clustering pattern.Results A total of 197 clusters were identified during 2010-2012. Varicella, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and hand-foot-mouth disease was the most common communicable diseases in schools. Clustering of communicable diseases broke out all the year except July and August. Elementary schools were in higher risk of clustering than see- ondary schools （X2 =4.74,P〈0.05）. About 35.69% of public schools had dusters of communicable diseases, which was not higher than that in the migrant schools （X2 = 0.02,P〉0.05 ）. Few schools exhibit frequent clustering of communicable diseases. Conculsion Some kinds of clustering exhibit a time agglomeration effect. Primary prevention measures should be taken to prevent communicable disease outbreaks and appropriate action should be implemented at the conclusion of an outbreak in schools, especially among pri- mary schools.

关 键 词：疾病暴发流行 传染病 公共卫生管理 

分 类 号：R181.81[医药卫生—流行病学] R51[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]