人工关节超高分子量聚乙烯磨损机制与研发现状  

Wear mechanism and development status of artificial joint ultra high molecular weight polyethylene

作　　者：周磊[1] 翁习生[1] 李涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院骨科,100730

出　　处：《中国矫形外科杂志》2014年第16期1471-1475,共5页Orthopedic Journal of China

基　　金：北京市科学技术委员会资助项目(编号:Z141100002114047)

摘　　要：[目的]超高分子量聚乙烯是目前人工关节载荷元件胫骨平台垫片和髋臼内衬的首选材料,然而其磨损不可避免,磨损碎屑继发假体周围骨溶解,严重影响假体使用寿命。本文简要介绍了超高分子量聚乙烯独特的摩擦磨损机制和残留自由基氧化对其耐磨性的影响,最后阐述其研发现状和方向。高交联聚乙烯可以显著降低人工关节假体的体内磨损率,目前得到了最广泛的临床应用。而复合维生素E的高交联聚乙烯也可明显提高材料抗氧化性和耐磨性,近期随访证明了其安全有效,但仍有待大样本量长期的临床疗效观察。Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene （UHMWPE）, a preferred material load component such as tibial plateau shim and acetabular liner for artificial joint at present, confronted many problems needed to be solved： unavoidable worn and see- ondary peri - prosthetic osteolysis, which limits service lifetime of the product. So this paper is going to briefly introduce the spe- cial mechanism of friction and wear, and influence on wear resistance generated by residual free radical oxidation. At last the de- velopment status and direction will be descibed：highly cross - linked UHMWPE significantly lowered the in vivo wear rates of total joint replacements and has been widely used in clinical practice. Vitamin E - blended highly cross - linked UHMWPE sig- nificantly decreases the oxidation and wear resistance, and its safety and effectiveness has been proved, but long - term clinical efficacy remains to be watched in a long time.

关 键 词：超高分子量聚乙烯 人工关节 摩损 

分 类 号：R687.4[医药卫生—骨科学]